Vampire Academy Chapter 15

FIFTEEN MASON DELIVERED. He found me the next day before school. He was carrying a box of books. â€Å"I got them,† he said. â€Å"Hurry and take them before you get in trouble for talking to me.† He handed them over, and I grunted. They were heavy. â€Å"Christian gave you these?† â€Å"Yeah. Managed to talk to him without anyone noticing. He's got kind of an attitude, did you ever notice that?† â€Å"Yeah, I noticed.† I rewarded Mason with a smile that he ate up. â€Å"Thanks. This means a lot.† I hauled the loot up to my room, fully aware of how weird it was that someone who hated to study as much as I did was about to get buried in dusty crap from the fourteenth century. When I opened the first book, though, I saw that these must be reprints of reprints of reprints, probably because anything that old would have long since fallen apart. Sifting through the books, I discovered they fell into three categories: books written by people after St. Vladimir had died, books written by other people when he was still alive, and one diary of sorts written by him. What had Mason said about primary and secondary sources? Those last two groups were the ones I wanted. Whoever had reprinted these had reworded the books enough so that I didn't have to read Ye Olde English or anything. Or rather, Russian, I supposed. St. Vladimir had lived in the old country. Today I healed the mother of Sava who has long since suffered from sharp pains within her stomach. Her malady is now gone, but God has not allowed me to do such a thing lightly. I am weak and dizzy, and the madness is trying to leak into my head. I thank God every day for shadow-kissed Anna, for without her, I would surely not be able to endure. Anna again. And â€Å"shadow-kissed.† He talked about her a lot, among other things. Most of the time he wrote long sermons, just like what I'd hear in church. Super boring. But other times, the book read just like a diary, recapping what he did each day. And if it really wasn't just a load of crap, he healed all the time. Sick people. Injured people. Even plants. He brought dead crops back to life when people were starving. Sometimes he would make flowers bloom just for the hell of it. Reading on, I found out that it was a good thing old Vlad had Anna around, because he was pretty messed up. The more he used his powers, the more they started to get to him. He'd get irrationally angry and sad. He blamed it on demons and stupid stuff like that, but it was obvious he suffered from depression. Once, he admitted in his diary, he tried to kill himself. Anna stopped him. Later, browsing through the book written by the guy who knew Vladimir, I read: And many think it miraculous too, the power the blessed Vladimir shows over others. Moroi and dhampirs flock to him and listen to his words, happy just to be near him. Some say it is madness that touches him and not spirit, but most adore him and would do anything he asked. Such is the way God marks his favorites, and if such moments are followed by hallucinations and despair, it is a small sacrifice for the amount of good and leadership he can show among the people. It sounded a lot like what the priest had said, but I sensed more than just a â€Å"winning personality† People adored him, would do anything he asked. Yes, Vladimir had used compulsion on his followers, I was certain. A lot of Moroi had in those days, before it was banned, but they didn't use it on Moroi or dhampirs. They couldn't. Only Lissa could. I shut the book and leaned back against my bed. Vladimir healed plants and animals. He could use compulsion on a massive scale. And by all accounts, using those sorts of powers had made him crazy and depressed. Added into it all, making it that much weirder was that everyone kept describing his guardian as â€Å"shadow-kissed.† That expression had bugged me ever since I first heard it†¦ â€Å"You're shadow-kissed! You have to take care of her!† Ms. Karp had shouted those words at me, her hands clenching my shirt and jerking me toward her. It had happened on a night two years ago when I'd been inside the main part of the upper school to return a book. It was nearly past curfew, and the halls were empty. I'd heard a loud commotion, and then Ms. Karp had come tearing around the corner, looking frantic and wild-eyed. She shoved me into a wall, still gripping me. â€Å"Do you understand?† I knew enough self-defense that I could have probably pushed her away, but my shock kept me frozen. â€Å"No.† â€Å"They're coming for me. They'll come for her.† â€Å"Who?† â€Å"Lissa. You have to protect her. The more she uses it, the worse it'll get. Stop her, Rose. Stop her before they notice, before they notice and take her away too. Get her out of here.† â€Å"I†¦what do you mean? Get her out of†¦you mean the Academy?† â€Å"Yes! You have to leave. You're bound. It's up to you. Take her away from this place.† Her words were crazy. No one left the Academy. Yet as she held me there and stared into my eyes, I began to feel strange. A fuzzy feeling clouded my mind. What she said suddenly sounded very reasonable, like the most reasonable thing in the world. Yes. I needed to take Lissa away, take her – Feet pounded in the hallway, and a group of guardians rounded the corner. I didn't recognize them; they weren't from the school. They pried her off of me, restraining her wild thrashing. Someone asked me if I was okay, but I could only keep staring at Ms. Karp. â€Å"Don't let her use the power!† she screamed. â€Å"Save her. Save her from herself!† The guardians had later explained to me that she wasn't well and had been taken to a place where she could recover. She would be safe and cared for, they assured me. She would recover. Only she hadn't. Back in the present, I stared at the books and tried to put it all together. Lissa. Ms. Karp. St. Vladimir. What was I supposed to do? Someone rapped at my door, and I jerked out of my memories. No one had visited me, not even staff, since my suspension. When I opened the door, I saw Mason in the hall. â€Å"Twice in one day?† I asked. â€Å"And how'd you even get up here?† He flashed his easy smile. â€Å"Someone put a lit match in one of the bathroom's garbage cans. Damn shame. The staff's kind of busy. Come on, I'm springing you.† I shook my head. Setting fires was apparently a new sign of affection. Christian had done it and now Mason. â€Å"Sorry, no saving me tonight. If I get caught – â€Å" â€Å"Lissa's orders.† I shut up and let him smuggle me out of the building. He took me over to the Moroi dorm and miraculously got me in and up to her room unseen. I wondered if there was a distracting bathroom fire in this building too. Inside her room, I found a party in full swing. Lissa, Camille, Carly, Aaron, and a few other royals sat around laughing, listening to loud music, and passing around bottles of whiskey. No Mia, no Jesse. Natalie, I noticed a few moments later, sat apart from the group, clearly unsure how to act around all of them. Her awkwardness was totally obvious. Lissa stumbled to her feet, the fuzzy feelings in our bond indicating she'd been drinking for a while. â€Å"Rose!† She turned to Mason with a dazzling smile. â€Å"You delivered.† He swept her an over-the-top bow. â€Å"I'm at your command.† I hoped he'd done it for the thrill of it and not because of any compulsion. Lissa slung an arm around my waist and pulled me down with the others. â€Å"Join the festivities.† â€Å"What are we celebrating?† â€Å"I don't know. Your escape tonight?† A few of the others held up plastic cups, cheering and toasting me. Xander Badica poured two more cups, handing them to Mason and me. I took mine with a smile, all the while feeling uneasy about the night's turn of events. Not so long ago, I would have welcomed a party like this and would have downed my drink in thirty seconds. Too much bothered me this time, though. Like the fact that the royals were treating Lissa like a goddess. Like how none of them seemed to remember that I had been accused of being a blood whore. Like how Lissa was completely unhappy despite her smiles and laughter. â€Å"Where'd you get the whiskey?† I asked. â€Å"Mr. Nagy,† Aaron said. He sat very close to Lissa. Everyone knew Mr. Nagy drank all the time after school and kept a stash on campus. He continually used new hiding places – and students continually found them. Lissa leaned against Aaron's shoulder. â€Å"Aaron helped me break into his room and take them. He had them hidden in the bottom of the paint closet.† The others laughed, and Aaron gazed at her with complete and utter worship. Amusingly, I realized she hadn't had to use any compulsion on him. He was just that crazy for her. He always had been. â€Å"Why aren't you drinking?† Mason asked me a little while later, speaking quietly into my ear. I glanced down at my cup, half surprised to see it full. â€Å"I don't know. I guess I don't think guardians should drink around their charges.† â€Å"She's not your charge yet! You aren't on duty. You won't be for a long time. Since when did you get so responsible?† I didn't really think I was all that responsible. But I was thinking about what Dimitri had said about balancing fun and obligation. It just seemed wrong to let myself go wild when Lissa was in such a vulnerable state lately. Wiggling out of my tight spot between her and Mason, I walked over and sat beside Natalie. â€Å"Hey Nat, you're quiet tonight.† She held a cup as full as mine. â€Å"So are you.† I laughed softly. â€Å"I guess so.† She tilted her head, watching Mason and the royals like they were some sort of science experiment. They'd consumed a lot more whiskey since I'd arrived, and the silliness had shot up considerably. â€Å"Weird, huh? You used to be the center of attention. Now she is.† I blinked in surprise. I hadn't considered it like that. â€Å"I guess so.† â€Å"Hey, Rose,† said Xander, nearly spilling his drink as he walked over to me. â€Å"What was it like?† â€Å"What was what like?† â€Å"Letting someone feed off you?† The others fell quiet, a sort of anticipation settling over them. â€Å"She didn't do that,† said Lissa in a warning voice. â€Å"I told you.† â€Å"Yeah, yeah, I know nothing happened with Jesse and Ralf. But you guys did it, right? While you were gone?† â€Å"Let it go,† said Lissa. Compulsion worked best with direct eye contact, and his attention was focused on me, not her. â€Å"I mean, it's cool and everything. You guys did what you had to do, right? It's not like you're a feeder. I just want to know what it was like. Danielle Szelsky let me bite her once. She said it didn't feel like anything.† There was a collective â€Å"ew† from among the girls. Sex and blood with dhampirs was dirty; between Moroi, it was cannibalistic. â€Å"You are such a liar,† said Camille. â€Å"No, I'm serious. It was just a small bite. She didn't get high like the feeders. Did you?† He put his free arm around my shoulder. â€Å"Did you like it?† Lissa's face went still and pale. Alcohol muted the full force of her feelings, but I could read enough to know how she felt. Dark, scared thoughts trickled into me – underscored with anger. She usually had a good grip on her temper – unlike me – but I'd seen it flare up before. Once it had happened at a party very similar to this one, just a few weeks after Ms. Karp had been taken away. Greg Dashkov – a distant cousin of Natalie's – had held the party in his room. His parents apparently knew someone who knew someone, because he had one of the biggest rooms in the dorm. He'd been friends with Lissa's brother before the accident and had been more than happy to take Andre's little sister into his social fold. Greg had also been happy to take me in, and the two of us had been all over each other that night. For a sophomore like me, being with a royal Moroi senior was a huge rush. I drank a lot that night but still managed to keep an eye on Lissa. She always wore an edge of anxiety around this many people, but no one really noticed, because she could interact with them so well. My heavy buzz kept a lot of her feelings from me, but as long as she looked okay, I didn't worry. Mid-kiss, Greg suddenly broke away and looked at something over my shoulder. We both sat in the same chair, with me on his lap, and I craned my neck to see. â€Å"What is it?† He shook his head with a sort of amused exasperation. â€Å"Wade brought a feeder.† I followed his gaze to where Wade Voda stood with his arm around a frail girl about my age. She was human and pretty, with wavy blond hair and porcelain skin pale from so much blood loss. A few other guys had homed on her and stood with Wade, laughing and touching her face and hair. â€Å"She's already fed too much today,† I said, observing her coloring and complete look of confusion. Greg slid his hand behind my neck and turned me back to him. â€Å"They won't hurt her.† We kissed a while longer and then I felt a tap on my shoulder. â€Å"Rose.† I looked up into Lissa's face. Her anxious expression startled me because I couldn't feel the emotions behind it. Too much beer for me. I climbed off of Greg's lap. â€Å"Where are you going?† he asked. â€Å"Be right back.† I pulled Lissa aside, suddenly wishing I was sober. â€Å"What's wrong?† â€Å"Them.† She nodded toward the guys with the feeder girl. She still had a group around her, and when she shifted to look at one of them, I saw small red wounds scattered on her neck. They were doing a sort of group feeding, taking turns biting her and making gross suggestions. High and oblivious, she let them. â€Å"They can't do that,† Lissa told me. â€Å"She's a feeder. Nobody's going to stop them.† Lissa looked up at me with pleading eyes. Hurt, outrage, and anger filled them. â€Å"Will you?† I'd always been the aggressive one, looking after her ever since we were little. Seeing her there now, so upset and looking at me to fix things, was more than I could stand. Giving her a shaky nod, I stumbled over to the group. â€Å"You so desperate to get some that you've got to drug girls now, Wade?† I asked. He glanced up from where he'd been running his lips over the human girl's neck. â€Å"Why? Are you done with Greg and looking for more?† I put my hands on my hips and hoped I looked fierce. The truth was, I was actually starting to feel a little nauseous from all I'd drunk. â€Å"Aren't enough drugs in the world to get me near you,† I told him. A few of his friends laughed. â€Å"But maybe you can go make out with that lamp over there. It seems to be out of it enough to make even you happy. You don't need her anymore.† A few other people laughed. â€Å"This isn't any of your business,† he hissed. â€Å"She's just lunch.† Referring to feeders as meals was about the only thing worse than calling dhampirs blood whores. â€Å"This isn't a feeding room. Nobody wants to see this.† â€Å"Yeah,† agreed a senior girl. â€Å"It's gross.† A few of her friends agreed. Wade glared at all of us, me the hardest. â€Å"Fine. None of you have to see it. Come on.† He grabbed the feeder girl's arm and jerked her away. Clumsily, she stumbled along with him out of the room, making soft whimpering noises. â€Å"Best I could do,† I told Lissa. She stared at me, shocked. â€Å"He's just going to take her to his room. He'll do even worse things to her.† â€Å"Liss, I don't like it either, but it's not like I can go chase him down or anything.† I rubbed my forehead. â€Å"I could go punch him or something, but I feel like I'm going to throw up as it is.† Her face grew dark, and she bit her lip. â€Å"He can't do that.† â€Å"I'm sorry.† I returned to the chair with Greg, feeling a little bad about what had happened. I didn't want to see the feeder get taken advantage of anymore than Lissa did – it reminded me too much of what a lot of Moroi guys thought they cold do to dhampir girls. But I also couldn't win this battle, not tonight. Greg had shifted me around to get a better angle on my neck when I noticed Lissa was gone a few minutes later. Practically falling, I clambered off his lap and looked around. â€Å"Where's Lissa?† He reached for me. â€Å"Probably the bathroom.† I couldn't feel a thing through the bond. The alcohol had numbed it. Stepping out into the hallway, I breathed a sigh of relief at escaping the loud music and voices. It was quiet out here – except for a crashing sound a couple rooms down. The door was ajar, and I pushed my way inside. The feeder girl cowered in a corner, terrified. Lissa stood with arms crossed, her face angry and terrible. She was staring at Wade intently, and he stared back, enchanted. He also held a baseball bat, and it looked like he'd used it already, because the room was trashed: bookshelves, the stereo, the mirror†¦ â€Å"Break the window too,† Lissa told him smoothly. â€Å"Come on. It doesn't matter.† Hypnotized, he walked over to the large, tinted window. I stared, my mouth nearly hitting the floor, as he pulled back and slammed the bat into the glass. It shattered, sending shards everywhere and letting in the early morning light it normally kept blocked out. He winced as it shone in his eyes, but he didn't move away. â€Å"Lissa,† I exclaimed. â€Å"Stop it. Make him stop.† â€Å"He should have stopped earlier.† I barely recognized the look on her face. I'd never seen her so upset, and I'd certainly never seen her do anything like this. I knew what it was, of course. I knew right away. Compulsion. For all I knew, she was seconds away from having him turn the bat on himself. â€Å"Please, Lissa. Don't do it anymore. Please.† Through the fuzzy, alcoholic buzz, I felt a trickle of her emotions. They were strong enough to practically knock me over. Black. Angry. Merciless. Startling feelings to be coming from sweet and steady Lissa. I'd known her since kindergarten, but in that moment, I barely knew her. And I was afraid. â€Å"Please, Lissa,† I repeated. â€Å"He's not worth it. Let him go.† She didn't look at me. Her stormy eyes were focused entirely on Wade. Slowly carefully, he lifted up the bat, tilting it so that it lined up with his own skull. â€Å"Liss,† I begged. Oh God. I was going to have to tackle her or something to make her stop. â€Å"Don't do it.† â€Å"He should have stopped,† Lissa said evenly. The bat quit moving. It was now at exactly the right distance to gain momentum and strike. â€Å"He shouldn't have done that to her. People can't treat other people like that – even feeders.† â€Å"But you're scaring her,† I said softly. â€Å"Look at her.† Nothing happened at first, then Lissa let her gaze flick toward the feeder. The human girl still sat huddled in a corner, arms wrapped around herself protectively. Her blue eyes were enormous, and light reflected off her wet, tear-streaked face. She gave a choked, terrified sob. Lissa's face stayed impassive. Inside her, I could feel the battle she was waging for control. Some part of her didn't want to hurt Wade, despite the blinding anger that otherwise filled her. Her face crumpled, and she squeezed her eyes shut. Her right hand reached out to her left wrist and clenched it, nails digging deep into the flesh. She flinched at the pain, but through the bond, I felt the shock of the pain distract her from Wade. She let go of the compulsion, and he dropped the bat, suddenly looking confused. I let go of the breath I'd been holding. In the hallway, footsteps sounded. I'd left the door open, and the crash had attracted attention. A couple of dorm staff members burst into the room, freezing when they saw the destruction in front of them. â€Å"What happened?† The rest of us looked at each other. Wade looked completely lost. He stared at the room, at the bat, and then at Lissa and me. â€Å"I don't know†¦I can't†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He turned his full attention to me and suddenly grew angry. â€Å"What the – it was you! You wouldn't let the feeder thing go.† The dorm workers looked at me questioningly, and in a few seconds, I made up my mind. You have to protect her. The more she uses it, the worse it'll get. Stop her, Rose. Stop her before they notice, before they notice and take her away too. Get her out of here. I could see Ms. Karp's face in my mind, pleading frantically. I gave Wade a haughty look, knowing full well no one would question a confession I made or even suspect Lissa. â€Å"Yeah, well, if you'd let her go,† I told him, â€Å"I wouldn't have had to do this.† Save her. Save her from herself. After that night, I never drank again. I refused to let my guard down around Lissa. And two days later, while I was supposed to be suspended for â€Å"destruction of property,† I took Lissa and broke out of the Academy. Back in Lissa's room, with Xander's arm around me and her angry and upset eyes on us, I didn't know if she'd do anything drastic again. But the situation reminded me too much of that one from two years ago, and I knew I had to defuse it. â€Å"Just a little blood,† Xander was saying. â€Å"I won't take much. I just want to see what dhampir tastes like. Nobody here cares.† â€Å"Xander,† growled Lissa, â€Å"leave her alone.† I slipped out from under his arm and smiled, looking for a funny retort rather than one that might start a fight. â€Å"Come on,† I teased. â€Å"I had to hit the last guy who asked me that, and you're a hell of a lot prettier than Jesse. It'd be a waste.† â€Å"Pretty?† he asked. â€Å"I'm stunningly sexy but not pretty.† Carly laughed. â€Å"No, you're pretty. Todd told me you buy some kind of French hair gel.† Xander, distracted as so many drunk people easily are, turned around to defend his honor, forgetting me. The tension disappeared, and he took the teasing about his hair with a good attitude. Across the room, Lissa met my eyes with relief. She smiled and gave me a small nod of thanks before she returned her attention to Aaron.

Fast-Food Industry: Friend or Foe? Essay

The 2004 American documentary known as Super-Size Me left a remarkable impact on America’s fast-food industries, as well as fellow fast-food consumers. Not to mention, six weeks after Super-Size Me was released, McDonalds took the â€Å"Super-Size† option off their menu as well as their stress on healthier menu choices; such as salads, fruit, and the new adult happy meal. The director, writer, and producer of Super-Size Me is also starring in the film himself, he is Morgan Spurlock. This documentary is anything but flashy or cinematically amazing; it purely presents the real story of Morgan’s journey to a healthier America. Americans know how addicting fast-food really is, but what they don’t know is what fast-food does to their bodies over time. Super-Size Me did influence McDonalds and our society as a whole, however have we still been a healthier America since then. The main point for Spurlock’s experiment was simply, the growing spread of obesit y in our society. There was even a lawsuit that was brought against McDonald’s by two overweight girls, who later became obese because of eating McDonald’s food. But as you would guess, the lawsuit failed. As Super-Size Me starts, Morgan Spurlock is at an above average shape condition in respect of his personal trainer. He is then seen by three doctors: a cardiologist, a gastroenterologist, a general practitioner, as well as a nutritionist and a personal trainer. Morgan Spurlock is documented for thirty days from February 1st to March 2, 2003, in which he eats only McDonald’s food. Yes that means for breakfast, lunch, and dinner; not to mention every time he is asked to â€Å"super-size† his meal Spurlock must super-size it. Eating McDonald’s all day made his calorie intake for each day approximately 5,000 calories, which is equal to nine Big Macs! This movie is pretty straight-forward going along with the title, however along the way Spurlock visits elementary schools to see how healthy their food options are. He also does some speeches at schools for the kids, warning them the dangers of unhealthy food choices as well as getting active every day. As well as inter viewing random people he meets on the street and at McDonald’s restaurants. Spurlock asks them about their eating habits and why they chose to eat at fast-food instead of cooking at home. Majority of the people interviewed chose fast-food because it was easy, fast, and of course just darn delicious. Also many of them didn’t seem too concerned for their  health, or how much McDonalds they ate in a week. Some even refused to answer Spurlock’s questions they had negative actions towards his experiment. This is not surprising, many people especially children have no worries about what fast-food does to their body; they just know it tastes good and is a quick fix. As you can tell, this movie is not all about a crazy guy eating McDonald’s for weeks; it also has great nutritional facts and a look at how unhealthy America is compared to other countries. Towards the end of the movie, Spurlock finds out the results of his thirty-day challenge. He gained twenty-four and a half pounds, a thirteen percent body mass increase, a cholesterol level of 230, experienced mood swings, sexual dysfunction, and fat accumulation in his liver. Not only that, it took him fourteen months to lose the weight he gained during this Super-Size Me experiment. The documentary closes with an interesting question, asking â€Å"Who do you want to see go first, you or them?† Super-Size Me can be a love-hate relationship for most people who get the chance to watch it. If you love McDonald’s and don’t have much care for eating right this movie wouldn’t be for you; on the other hand, if you are displeased with the fast-food industry in America and interested in seeing how it affects people, this would be a great movie for you. For me, I really enjoyed this movie; it opened my eyes about how overweight and unhealthy we Americans are. You would not believe what fast-food does to your body over time, and how it changes your body steadily without you knowing a thing! I still love and consume fast-food to this day, but I definitely try my very best to not take part as much as I did before. Granted, not every person that watches Super-Size Me will get the same inspirational, mind-blowing feeling to change their eating habits . However, I strongly feel in my gut that this documentary changed a lot of people, whether they were a part of the movie or just a viewer. I just really hope that we Americans have stayed true to the facts of Super-Size Me and have not forgotten the effects of constant fast-food eating.

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Application task - Essay Example There is an example of how to use non-countable noun: Let me give you some advice (not an advice). In this question, 'information' is a non-countable noun, so it does not take plural form, so we need ‘information’. 2. 1) I walk and then take the subway 2) Jack asked about 'every day'. It is a general fact (rountine), so we have to use simple present tense verbs instead of present progressive tense. In general, simple present tense is used for events or situations that exist always, usually, and habitually. We also use the simple present to narrate events in sequence. On the other hand, present progressive tense is used for actions (verbs) that are in progress during a particular time, so actions are still taking place and have not ended yet. The tenses say that an action being before, is in progress during, and contiues after another time or action. In this case, Jack uses ‘every day’ which refers to habitual action – rountine -, so we need ‘wal k’ and ‘take’. 3. 1) It was such a good movie. Or It was so good. 2) ‘Such’ is used when the object being talked about comes after the adjective; hence, ‘such’, followed by a or an, is used before an adjective and noun – for example, such a long time, such a good idea, such a nice guy, such a wonderful day (such+ adjective + noun). When we use ‘such’ with a plural countable noun, we don’t use ‘a’ or ‘an’ after ‘such’.

Market segmentation as a basic ingredient of the marketing strategy Essay

Market segmentation as a basic ingredient of the marketing strategy - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that strategy of marketing is known by the name of market segmentation. It basically entails dividing a wide audience into different sets based on consumers marked significantly by their peculiar needs, wants, and desires. The criteria are depended deeply on the aspects of age, gender, race, and ethnicity. Thus, the marketing campaigns are devised in such a way as to make sure that the specific customer segments are ably met, whilst addressing their needs, wants and desires, which indeed are seen as common. It is a fact that every organization has its own set ways in order to categorize these segments. It does so in order to focus entirely on the segments which have thus been chosen and not to concentrate its energies on the segments which are not required or which do not bring in the required profits. Market segmentation is an important metaphor which essentially dictates quite a few aspects – most of which have to do with segmentin g, targeting and positioning. The buzzword about market segmentation is that it creates subsets based on different premises which remain significant from a marketing standpoint. If these subsets are not involved, there will not be any use in understanding the related perspectives. Instead, the analysis will focus on targeting and positioning tangents, which is not really the key here. Thus, all-out emphasis must always be laid on elements that warrant attention and detail, i.e. on the segmentation of the market alone.... However, the fact of the matter is that every organization that is working to achieve its goals and objectives has its peculiar segments which are characterized by varied inclinations. If these segments are not properly demarcated, there is a reason to believe that there shall be gross issues related to targeting and positioning at a later stage. Hence, it is always a good omen to comprehend the true nature of the segmented category before moving ahead any further. It will solve most of the issues related to product placement, pricing tactics, promotional strategies and so on. A clear cut comprehension of the segmented markets essentially helps immensely. It brings things into proper perspectives and resolves predicaments as there is a cut-down on losses in a significant manner. Segmented markets have their own peculiarities which make them stand out in a league of their own. It gives them the required care of the marketers to focus on the prime areas which need the attention in an a bsolute way. This is a very important area, as far as where the resources shall be emphasized upon to achieve instant results is concerned (Douglas). If successful market segmentation goes hand in hand with the product differentiation strategy, there is no reason why varied segments cannot be handled in an amicable way. Thus, the segments will be exploited in a positive fashion all the same. There would be more focus on elements that are deemed as insignificant yet have a great amount of bearing for the organizations. By the same token, other pertinent aspects would be given the necessary attention that these richly deserve (Vincent). A firm advantage can be achieved if the organization under question has made

Bowlby's Viewpoint Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bowlby's Viewpoint - Assignment Example ent studies, the author attests that healthy, happy and independent young adults and adolescents are products of stable homes in which both parents give enough time and attention to the children. He continues to put that the child’s care giver needs a lot of assistance, from the other parent, though it normally comes from the grandmother in most societies. I totally agree with Bowlby’s way of parenting, because successful parenting is a key to the mental health of the next generation. A parent-child bond is not only healthy for the childs well-being, but an essential part of what it means to be human. Attachment theory teaches three main attachment patterns; secure, avoidant and ambivalent, which are behaviors that continue into adulthood. While they explore the world, securely attached children are confident, since they used the parent as a secure base. Bowlbys work also showed that the early interactions between infant and caregiver have a significant impact on an infants social, emotional, and intellectual growth (Bowlby 1907-1990). On the other hand, an insecurely attached child is unhappy and not confident enough to explore the world. Consider a child brought up by a single mother, who is always busy and overwhelmed by activities, and has less time to spend with the child, the child obviously grows up unattached to the parents and feeling insecure at the same time. The provision of access to the parent’s body is a fundamental feature in developing secure attachment. Dependency, the child’s tie to the mother, has the effect of keeping the child in more proximity to its mother-figure. For example, attachment behavior of a child is activated mostly by pain, fatigue, fright, and the mother’s inaccessibility. Bowlby cited the description of Klaus, Trause and Kennelle (1975), on how a mother picks up and begins to stroke the baby’s face with her little finger immediately after its birth. At this time, the baby quietness and when put to her breasts, it

Questionare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Questionare - Essay Example The descriptive phase follows, in which the demographic and statistical information on the target population and target program emulations are determined in respective forms of their completeness and efficiency. â€Å"Exploratory studies are most typically done†¦ to satisfy the researcher’s curiosity and desire for better understanding, to test the feasibility of undertaking a more careful study, and to develop the methods to be employed† (Babbie, 1995, p. 84). #12 Between Kà ¤rtnerstrasse, Graben and Kohlmarkt, which is the most popular street? Why? ________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ #13 How much would you expect to spend in a typical day of shopping? On how much designer products would this money typically be spent? ______ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Multiple choice form is optimal for diversity since it also affords anonymity and privacy while simultaneously reducing the amount of confusion often attendant upon a questionnaire interview that is evinced by so many. The survey that is given to individuals representing two different sides of the issue of the effectiveness of research into presented issues. Respondents are instructed, Please circle the letter that seems best to

Teamwork And Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Teamwork And Motivation - Essay Example The employers therefore face the uphill task that needs them to preserve the productivity and profitability that they have while trying their best to keep the employees that they have engaged and satisfied with their jobs. Researchers have been able to find that the social or cognitive construction view of job satisfaction deals with the effects of emotions on behavior of various kinds where the attitude that people have toward work can be associated with other perceptions about jobs such as the variety of tasks that constitute that job and the level of skills that are needed for one to be able to do that particular job. Therefore, it can be said that emotional responses may be of assistance in the determination of the reactions that the employees will have to the jobs that they are doing and the general theories of emotion might become useful in the effort to understand the attitudes that people have towards jobs (Furnham, 1992). Creating job satisfaction is therefore an endeavor that entails several steps so that in the end it can be achieved to make sure that the employees are motivated and this will be the first step in increasing the productivity. To start with, the working environment should be made to be positive where the factors that motivate the employees will be identified so that the working environment will cater for the needs of the workers. The employees of WooWoo will be entitled to discounts in the case that they need to purchase any thing that the company makes provided that they get it directly from the company. The company will also make sure that it organizes get-togethers were the management and the other employees can have the chance to interact and the views of the employees can be listened to and adjustments made if possible. The employees that have an exemplary performance at work and those that beat the deadlines that are set will be recognized through a program that will be aimed at identifying the employee of the

Cold war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cold war - Essay Example In the end, both countries would end up losing if the war turned hot. This is likely why things never progressed further than they did. The Cold War officially ended in 1991. Just as there are a variety of reasons as to why the Cold War began, there are a few reasons as to why it ended. For one thing, the Soviet Union had collapsed by this time, which meant that the strength of Russia and its influence over other countries, such as Germany, was basically eliminated. In addition to their lack of influence, the Soviet Union did not have the resources to continue stockpiling weapons. Therefore, the Soviet Union had to call a â€Å"truce† with the United States, which they did during meetings between Mikhail Gorbachev, President Ronald Reagan, and, later on, President George H.W. Bush. The U.S. and the Soviet Union agreed to reduce their nuclear weapons that were set aside for war with each other. From there, the Soviet Union broke apart further, and the United States

Application letter for a job Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Application letter for a job - Essay Example I am devoted to my studies and the steps that I have to take to obtain a future at Trinity Fields. I work very well in team situations and have always developed a good rapport with students and co-workers. During the past two years I have had several placements as a supply teacher in mainstream and special needs schools (both English and Welsh medium). During the Summer 2008 Term I was teaching at Ysgol Gymraeg Ynyswen. At the present moment, I am teaching a CPA Class at Ysgol Rhyd y Grug. I enjoy teaching different age groups and also various topics across the curriculum. I have had the experience of taking responsibility for a target group of pupils from Key Stage 1 and 2 that require extra help with their literacy and numeracy skills. I feel that this is a great opportunity for the pupils to develop their confidence in writing and also their oral skills. I intend to develop this by organising whole class, group and pair activities that will result in the development of the pupils linguistic skills. As a result of several and wide ranging linguistic activities and also satisfactory written work, children of all abilities will be given the chance to improve their language skills. It is my personal belief that no child should ever feel inadequate, inept, or forsaken. I strongly believe that every child has an important contribution to make in the classroom. They should be recognized, in a positive manner, for their contributions no matter how big or small these contributions may be. Students should feel accepted and comfortable at all times within the confines of my classroom. Differences will be praised, acknowledged and discussed within my class. I will recognize, include, and respect all students be they gifted, average, or categorically disabled, privileged, under-privileged, gay, lesbian, blue, or green. I will stress and enforce the importance of this acceptance

Abuse & Fraud Essay Example for Free

Abuse Fraud Essay In the present health care system, hospital practitioner joint ventures make all the interested parties subject to a complex network of regulations and law and to the scrutiny by many federal agencies including:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The United States Department of Health and Human services (HHS)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Office of the Inspector General (OIG)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Federal Bureau of Investigation and the General Accounting Office (GAO)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Federal Trade Commission (FTC)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The department of Justice (DOJ)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) In addition to this, many hospital financial managers must thoroughly understand the complex laws and regulations that normally affect their relationship with the physicians or doctors. The Medicaid and Medicare abuse and fraud statute provides that a person who willfully and knowingly pays, offers, receives or solicits any remuneration in exchange of referring a person to the for the furnishing of any service or item, or recommending any facility paid for in whole by Medicare shall be guilty of a felony (Goldsmith, 2010). In most cases, this provision is referred to as the ‘anti kickback statute’. Compensation is defined in this statute as including bribes, rebates, kickbacks whether made indirectly or directly, covertly or overtly, in kind or in cash (McWay, 2003). The penalties for violating the anti-kickback statute are quite severe and include criminal penalties, imprisonment for up to five years and fines of up to twenty five thousand dollars (Morrison, 2009). Additionally, the office of the Inspector General, which is the investigative agent for the HHS, has the authority to enforce money penalties on any violators and to prohibit them from participating in any medical programs (Bauman, 2002). Given the extent of the abuse and fraud statute, there are many details of the law that have been stipulated in the courts that have broadly interpreted the statute (Bauman, 2002). According to the Center for Medicare Medicaid services (2005), the leading cases indicate that if one several objectives of payments is to stimulate referrals, it is a violation of the abuse and fraud statute. Furthermore, when referrals must be the main reason of a transaction in orders to amount to a breach, referrals still need to be the sole purpose. In the year 1991, HHS released the safe harbor regulations that described eleven exemptions from the abuse and fraud statute (Altshuler, Creekpaum Fang, 2008). Furthermore, the arrangements that satisfy the safe harbor provisions are normally protected from the scrutiny. The vast majority of arrangements between different providers, suppliers and practitioners will normally fall outside of the safe harbors because it is somewhat difficult to structure the arrangements that comply with all the conditions of the drawn provisions (Bauman, 2002). For the medial practitioners who are unfamiliar with abuse and fraud law, the practical effect of the rules may hamper the development of some innovative arrangements and practices that can be beneficial to medical programs such as Medicaid and Medicare enrollees. In addition to this, the infinite majority of health providers, suppliers and physicians who serve people with Medicare are committed to providing high quality care to their patients as well as billing the medical program only for the payments that the physicians have earned (Bauman, 2002) Many health practitioners in the health industry are of the view that any kinds of arrangements that fall outside the safe harbor provisions are illegitimate (Altshuler, Creekpaum Fang, 2008). On the other hand, the failure to comply with these safe harbor provisions may signify that: The arrangement is not intended at all to stimulate the referral of business reimbursable under medical programs such as Medicaid or Medicare. The arrangement infringes the statute and does not meet the criteria for safe harbor protection. The arrangement may breach the statute in a less serious way. Discussion based on the applicable statutes, the Feldstein case and other cases The most known safe harbors mainly deal with investments by practitioners and providers. There are two safe harbors for investment interests: one for investments in large businesses and one for small businesses. In the large business safe harbor, the entity possesses over fifty million dollars in undepreciated net tangible assets, which are related to certain medical programs such as Medicaid. In the Feldstein’s case, there is an issue of whether physician or doctor recruitment can be immune from any legal attack because of a possible violation of abuse of laws and federal fraud. Unlike other abuse opinions and federal fraud cases, the facts of this case did not involve any kind of corruption. In addition to this, the facts of the Feldstein case are significant because they are a common occurrence in the medical field. Additionally, in this case, when the defendants acquired the control of the hospital, they had attempted to terminate the doctor’s contract because they were of the view that the doctor’s physician recruitment agreements had violated the federal fraud stipulations as well as abuse law. The doctor had refused to come to a settlement with the defendants and he then sued them for a breach of contract. In the court’s ruling, the court decided to decline all the recruitment arrangements illegal and stated that some arrangements may be permissible at some point. The issue of safe harbors arises in this point.

The concept and idea of privacy Essay Example for Free

The concept and idea of privacy Essay The concept and idea of privacy is one which continues to exist in fewer and smaller instances in this generation. The advent of new technologies, of mobile communication, instant messaging and the virtual omnipresence afforded by these said devices has made it easier for individuals to connect and communicate with their friends, families, colleagues, society and the rest of the world through the most effortless of gestures or the simple press of a button. This convenience by way of interaction has brought most to indulge and engage in communication with other people regardless of where they are, and whether or not they are in hearing range of other people not directly concerned with the matter being discussed; thus blurring the lines of private boundaries, or pronouncing it non-existent altogether. Technology is growing in its ability to bridge the gaps which separate individuals from each other, but it is also proving that a significant amount of people do not want these gaps bridged.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It has ceased to exact surprise and amazement from people when certain individuals indulge in obnoxiously loud conversations, private or otherwise, in a crowded or public place and within earshot of everybody else in the near vicinity. Gone are the days of the now seemingly foreign and obsolescent idea of commuting long distance conversations through and from a telephone box; mobile communication has rendered it impractical. Cellphones have become an almost indispensable part of every individual living in the 21st century, in a generation of displaced people, of individuals always out on the move trying to be all that they can be, mobile communication is a lifeline. Cellphones exist to ensure that certain parts of humanity will thrive by way of social interaction, or it could just be an efficient avenue for conducting business transactions, and similar practical dealings devoid of personal sentiments.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Whether or not mobile interactions constitute personal or business agenda however, its nagging and growing occurrence in public places nevertheless crosses boundaries of privacy, and oversteps on the right of other people to avail of it. The director of the Center for Mobile Communication Studies at Rutgers University, James Katz, poses the reality of this by saying, â€Å"if anything characterizes the 21st century, its our inability to restrain ourselves for the benefit of other people,† he proceeds to emphasize this concept by saying â€Å"the cellphone talker thinks his rights go above that of people around him, and the jammer thinks his are the more important rights.† The jammer Katz was referring to exists in the person of a cellphone vigilante who invented a device to cut off cellphone communication from cell towers, jamming radio frequencies, and thereby silencing the phone blabber in question.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   But carrying out loud and obnoxious conversations to the point of failing to address the personal boundaries of other individuals isnt the only threat to peoples privacy that cellphones are wielding, another form of it exists under the seemingly harmless and non-threatening platform that is Twitter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Twitter is a program which affords the people using it the virtual intimacy and networking connection of a blog, made efficient and automatic through mobile phones. Twitter has gained significant popularity among its many users, enabling them to post packets of current life events, sentiments and similar ego-indulging stream of consciousness centering on the mundane, trivial, and/or pressing issues running through the course and extent of their existence and the everyday grind (Cohen).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An article in The New York Times negates the seeming harmlessness of the virtual communication platform by covering the story of a computer consultant from Florida who announced suicide late one night by way of driving his car on a bridge on Twitter using his cellphone, inciting alarm and panic on much of his five hundred plus network of friends. It turns out the computer consultant, Nick Starr didnt pull through with the suicide and was found the following day camped out in his car near the bridge. Needless to say, the twitter he left â€Å"Alright this is it. Parked my car. I wish everyone who ever was nice to me well. See you in the next life.† however brief, affected the five hundred some network of friends whose lives and personal space were disrupted, and perhaps re-arranged because of a reality which only existed in the virtual world. When checked by police, Starr attributed his twitters to loneliness, and not being geographically close to his friends. He underwent therapy and has now moved to San Fransisco to be with most of his friends in real life. Much like the blurring boundaries of what is intended for private and public consumption, the lines of intimacy between the real is being substituted for the virtual.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   These aforementioned instances solidifies and affirms the reality which plagues our generation. Content, messages and meanings intended for private consumption are dragged into the open, undiscriminating public sphere, and people are not finding this prevalent privatization of public space disturbing, but instead, accepting it as another reality which needs to be dealt with at one point or another. Few people, the likes of the previously discussed cellphone vigilante whose efforts in undermining the intrusion of privacy, and the need to keep private matters from seeping into the public sphere, are able to commit to opposing it by resorting to extreme measures. Of course, aside from cellphone frequency jamming being illegal, such cant be regarded as ethically and absolutely correct.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is unfortunate is that despite what has been said, the individuals who put their private lives up for public consumption, and the people who are on the receiving end of having their private spaces overstepped and intruded upon by the former, are both victims of the seeming evils of new technologies, and its utilization. What needs to be addressed is not only how people make use of such technologies, taking care not to let the overwhelming digital and technological avenues and platforms of social interaction and communication overrun their private lives, or intrude upon that of others, but more importantly, to engage in healthy conversations in the real world. In traditional and good old fashioned human to human conversation whenever the opportunity presents itself without the need for handhelds or digital and electronic devices. Such will result to less misunderstandings, healthier relationships, public and private spaces being left as they are; and humanity, ultimately affirmed and preserved. Works Cited   Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Cell Yell: Thanks for (Not) Sharing.† 22 November 2001. Taub, Eric A. The New York   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Times. 20 December 2007.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Devices Enforce Silence of Cellphones, Illegally.† 4 November 2007. Richtel, Matt. The   Ã‚  Ã‚   New York Times. 20 December 2007.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"The Global Sympathetic Audience.† 4 November 2007. Cohen, Noam. The New York   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Times. 20 December 2007.

Understanding Sustainability in Architecture

Understanding Sustainability in Architecture Chapter 1: Understanding Sustainability in Architecture Project Objectives The essay primarily intends to investigate inclusion of the sustainable environmental design by architectural professional and school of architecture in their practice and academics. Sustainability has been buzz word from late 60s and continuously becoming and will be important in field of built environment. Lets see some of the definitions of sustainability in built environment. Sustainable design is described as a philosophical approach to design that seeks to maximize the quality of the built environment while minimizing or eliminating the negative impact to the environment (McLennan, 2004, P.P.10). Sustainability in architecture has many facets such as Natural Resource planning, Environmental, Social, Technological and Adaptability/flexibility to the changing world. In practice, design is better able to respond quickly to the here and now and to envisage the future, than is policy development (Williamson, Radford Bennetts 2003). However the implementation of the aspects of the sustainability is quiet debatable in the professional practice at mass level. For the mass level implementation policy level intervention is necessary as the policy is indirectly affecting the project. There are certain aspects of sustainability such as the economic and impact on the environment might be considered to a certain extent. Probably impact on the environment is considered due to statutory requirement for obtaining the development permissions for typically larger development projects. There are no set formula to achieve sustainability in architecture, but a proper balance of appropriate technologies, energy efficient, eco-friendly architecture would show the way us direction. Along with this, the social and cultural aspects should not be overlooked. The answer is probably that we shall never find single satisfactory definition but the searching is more important than finding (Bryan Lawson (2002) Sustainability in the built environment is unremitting process. Therefore we (Architect) need to update our self about all aspect in order response the situation .The conscious evaluation of the buildings should be done with respect the energy efficiency, economy, user response, and impact on the environment. There is need to promote sustainability in all the possible ways, one then would be by designing the sustainable building and transferring, maintaining ethic by educating our future vice versa . Background In 2007, the UK government declared that all new housing and schools should be zero carbon by 2016 and all buildings are expected to be zero carbon by 2019. So students admitting in this year (2009) should equip with sustainable design tools at the time they graduate. The architectural practice as well as academics should be ready for the situation. Students entering architecture programmes in 2009 need to have all the skills necessary to meet these requirements by the time they graduate. The two questions facing the design community are: how can we enable architectural educators and students to respond appropriately to the challenge of climate change and what are the new pedagogic paradigms that are required to facilitate this? The last UK review of architectural education in relation to sustainable design teaching revealed a major split between studio teaching and academic lecturing in technology. At the same time, Guy and Moore have identified that there are many plural approaches to sustainable design in architecture, making it difficult to formulate any changes unless these are directly responsive to the modes and cultures of teaching involved. They have called for symposia and other dialogical spaces that can address matters pragmatically. This paper identifies key barriers and opportunities within the UK architectural edu cation system in relation Problem identification Problem at academic level Problem at practice level Problems at social level The essay intends to find out whether the professional architects and academics believe in sustainable environmental design in their thought process in practice or academics. This would gives clue why this not happening in practice and academics, further this build foundation for what should be done to cultivate values sustainable environmental design in the practice as well as academics. This essay also intends the find out the what is actually helping or retarding the implementation of the sustainable environmental design. This findings of attitudes at practise level is very important in a way, as at professional level architects tends to obtain specific knowledge about sustainability without caring the ethical issues aside There are different views regarding inclusion and exclusion of the sustainable environmental design in practices as well as also in academics. Following relevant arguments from the advisory board meeting which postulates views of architect regarding sustainability in architecture and process of academics as well the accreditation. I am surprised when other practices do not take environmental design and sustainability in to account (Bill Gething RIBA and Feilden and Bradely Studios) Further he argued that sustainable environmental design is personalized approach for design, professionals often learn this from case studies,courses,books,articles. Mr.John Pringle people do not value energy efficiency and carbon reduction it has to come from the legislative framework.I kind of partially disagree on this argument.In my view we cannot change peoples thinking by the legislative framework although its one way of doing it. I partially I feel its partially architects responsibility educate the client. As per Mr. Mario most important aspect is to understands relation of building with environment and teaching the creativity,sensitivity in Architecture.We may have Broad range of interpretations for the word creativity and sensitively. In my view creativity is really something that cannot be taught what the best we can do is we can environment which provoke creativity .Further urges to look at the vernacular architecture and understand the unseen environmental design reasons. The accreditation process in European countries differs in terms of durations and process of accreditation.The environmental design is optional but still possibility of the students to opt.According to him the building regulations are compromising the implementation of the environmental design. In Germany the syllabus is similar to European rules i.e. 4 years degree followed by 2 years of practice. Environmental design is not measurable concept (Mr. Oliver Heiss ). This quiet valid argument in way environmental is truly non quantifiable it is developed thru experience and practice In Belgium the structure of architecture quiet different in way they have two diplomas i.e. architect engineer and engineer architect, years of study is 5 years academic and 2 years of professional practice. The evaluation of accreditation takes place after every 6 years. According to him there is not enough understanding and knowledge about the subject. In United Kingdom the course duration is 7 years i.e. 3 years under graduate studies 2 years diploma and 2 years of the professional practice. RIBA has introduced minimum requirement environmental design in Architecture but it has been interpreted by each school differently. You need registration to practice but you dont need registration for designing building. In Spain its architectural course duration is 6 years. The major hurdle is student lack of interest and lecturers lack of knowledge, further the new regulation approved in Spain is drafted by engineers so doesnt include architectural components. Mr Mario states suggested continuous professional development is a key. While Mr. Simos stressed on sensitivity of the subject. Mr .Geathing spoke about the gap between the code prediction and actual energy used. Mr Simos postulate need of evaluation of the building critically. According to Mr.Sabestian simplification of basics for architecture and can have specialist for environmental design. Mr Jolan urges to consider the heritage conservation in the environmental design. Mr. Brian stressed need built up knowledge at undergraduate level and in his opinion students must get the basics right at undergraduate level. These views expressed are diverse, important and practical. I feel its a collective responsibility of universities; accreditation councils and most importantly need from our society.Although boundary is quiet between these stakeholders. Research question Do Professional Architects and Academics consider sustainable environmental design in their Practice and academic curriculum? Since the sustainable environmental design is broad subjects with many facets to it, for ease of understanding lets grouped this aspects as shown below Ecology and Energy aspects Passive environmental design Energy efficiency and carbon neutrality Renewable energy system Ecological management of resources User aspects Occupant comfort and well being Social sustainability The question investigates the attitudes of the Academics and architectural professionals. Subsequently question would require evidences from the both the worlds that is from the academics and professionals. By answering the question would lead to unveil the changing outlook of the potential architects regarding the sustainable environmental design. The section we would detail out the evidences and draw some hypotheses from the research methods. These hypotheses later tested on the secondary information. In order to answer the question research, the research method cannot be as simple or really straight forward due to the complexity of the problem to address. For the ease of understanding lets divide the question in to two parts. The first part deals with the understanding the thought process and design process of the design professionals. This would give the clue regarding what is going wrong at what level. This can be primarily be done through Semi- structured interviews of Building professionals to know their views and aspirations about the Sustainable environmental design and would also investigates whether they practice the Sustainable environmental design in their practice . Testing their view by analyzing the case studies Second part would be of academics these involves knowing the attitudes of the tutors via semi structured interview and also analyzing the course curriculum for inclusion of the sustainable environmental design in curriculum. Later the I intended look at the list of the thesis of the architecture thesis and dissertation in order understand whether budding architects attitudes towards sustainable environmental design. The further this study intends to reveal if there is differences between the academics and professional world. This would be necessary because professionals relay on their theoretical knowledge in the initial years and their analytical skill. This process of investigation would also revel if architects feel that inclusion of SED may marginalize their creative ability. Lastly the answering of the research question would exposed the changing attitudes of the new generations towards sustainable environmental design. Chapter 2: Literature review In order to solidify the argument of this essay, I have done some literature study of the similar topics. One of which is Learning from practice: a model for integrating sustainable design in architectural education by Maureen Trebilcock Where author has prepared the theoretical model for the integrating the sustainable environmental design in the architecture education. As part of methodology author had selected five case studies from Architects who are well known in the field of sustainable design. Here all the selected buildings were non Residential nature. Reason selecting non residential building is not clarified. Further my opinion there should be at least one residential building to get flavour of the Domestic as well as non domestic building. Reason for this is quantitatively housing forms major portion of any development. The case studies suggest that architectural education requires the development of attitudes, knowledge and skills crossing over intuitive, analytical and social dimensions in order to face the uniqueness and complexity of sustainable design.( Maureen Trebilcock 2008). There has been series of work shop held on the architectural education on climate change . The design of human settlements is a key factor for addressing carbon emissions, finite resource availability, ecological deterioration and climate change. The role of architectural education in promoting the principles and practices which address these issues is significant. New pedagogic paradigms are required to produce graduates endowed with holistic competences including environmental knowledge related to sustainable design.( FIONN STEVENSON1, ANDREW ROBERTS2, SERGIO ALTOMONTE)3 pertaining to this paper would form input to the essay in terms of understanding the barriers to the successful implementation of the Sustainable design in to the curriculum. Primary aim was to contribute to the development of environmental responsibility as a creative factor in the practice and pedagogy of architecture. As concept of the implementing sustainability (envisaging it would be transform in to practise) this paper reviews inferences learning form the workshops and ,and discussing the new methodologies and curriculum and also conflict between the sustainability between the other building sciences and in higher education and professional practise . As concept I like the idea of the representative built environments schools of different universities come together discuss the strength and weakness of the curriculum and form strategies for new teaching methodologies and syllabus which would probably reduce the conflict bet sustainability and other building disciplines in way if feel this concept as the as partially isolated in terms involvement of practise,which are the producer of the building stock. Involving the professions in to the workshop only can get ideal views so in way as concept I feel it kind of stitching and what is required much more intensified to achieve the deadline.

Technology and the Invasion of Privacy Essay -- Exploratory Essays Res

Technology and the Invasion of Privacy As citizens of America we are all entitled to our rights of privacy. When something threatens this guaranteed privacy we tend to take extra precautions to prohibit prolonged violation. As the advancing world of technology continues to grow and expand, so do the amount of cases involving privacy invasion. Technology drives these privacy-invading crimes; however, crime also drives technology, creating a vicious cycle. Without technology an invader could not enter that of a stranger’s life. Conversely, without technology that same criminal would evade the law enforcers. So does technology protect citizens’ privacy, or does it expose one’s entire life? In regards to this question, one must consider: before the rise of the world of technology, privacy invasion was not a common issue. With this fact in mind it is not difficult to determine where the problem lies: technology threatens privacy. Computers are main technological features that allow criminals to step into unsuspecting victims lives. With a simple piggy-backing program hackers are able to track every keystroke made by the victim. One such program is called spyware, not to be confused with adware, which is often referred to interchangeably with spyware, but is potentially harmless (Louis 15). Spyware, hidden within downloaded software, implants itself deep within a computer’s hard drive, allowing it to track every move made by the user (Louis 16). Once inside a system, spyware can gather e-mail addresses, passwords, and credit card numbers. This gathered information is then transmitted across the internet to the author of the spyware, who then uses the newly gained information to determine which ads should target... ...and more anti-spywares that protect your computers from viruses, and better care taken by individuals (McGuire), Americans can begin to protect themselves from the privacy predators, and hopefully start a trend that will eventually put an end to the vicious cycle of technology vs. privacy.    Works Cited    McGuire, David.   "FTC Sues Spyware Suspects."   Washingtonpost.com Apr 2004. 9 Nov. 2004 <http://www.washingtonpost.com O'Reilly, John.   An Employer's Guide to Surveillance, Searches & Medical Examination.   Toronto: Thomson Canada Limited, 2003. "Protect Yourself Online."   Consumer Reports Sep. 2004:   12-19 Raphael, Louis.   "Spyware: Technology's Version of Big Brother." Computer Technology Review Feb. 2004: 12-16 Stead, Bette Ann.   Privacy and Rights In The Work Place.   Houston: University of Houston, College of Business Administration, 1998.

The Carnivore project :: essays research papers

The Carnivore Invasion "They that give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety." -- Benjamin Franklin, 1759 The current use and regulations of the F.B.I. surveillance tool known as Carnivore need to be revised in such a way that it will no longer be able to copy the e-mails of unsuspecting Americans. Most Americans are not even aware of the existence of the Carnivore project. The ignorance of the American people is understandable; the government has gone to great lengths to ensure secrecy when it comes to the details of the Carnivore project. The purpose of this paper is to bring to light exactly how the Federal Burro of Investigation (FBI) has invaded the privacy of a countless number of Americans. Once the severe flaws of the Carnivore system have been outlined, this paper will describe what laws need to be changed to make the Carnivore project even reasonable. The FBI designed the Carnivore system to capture email communications of a criminal suspect. The information extracted from the suspect’s e-mails is then used as evidence against the suspect. In this simple explanation the Carnivore system appears to be an effective tool against crime. Unfortunately most issues in this world cannot be explained in two sentences. The process of implementing the Carnivore system begins with a court order for a full content-wiretap (Tyson 2). Once a court order has been issued the FBI is required to request that the suspects Internet Service Provider (ISP) is willing/able to copy all of the e-mails to and from the suspects address. The initial request made by the FBI to allow the ISP to copy the suspect’s e-mails is to ensure that the FBI has tried to meet the â€Å"best evidence† rule (Graham 8). The â€Å"best evidence† rule simply states that the FBI has to obtain evidence in the best way possible. If the ISP is able to copy the suspect’s e-mails directly, it is considered better evidence. If the ISP declines the FBI’s request then the FBI is allowed to install the Carnivore system onto the suspect’s ISP (Graham 6). Why would an ISP decline assistance? ISPs are concerned about the privacy of their customers. For example, Earthlink testified before the Carnivore Commi ttee saying that what the FBI was asking them to do â€Å".

Formal Analysis of Woman and Bicycle by Willem de Kooning Essay

Formal Analysis: Woman and Bicycle by Willem de Kooning Woman and Bicycle is an abstract expressionist painting created by Willem de Kooning in 1952-53 as part of his collection of Women paintings. It roughly measures 6ft. by 4ft. in size and is an oil painting on canvas. The image can be understood to be figurative, however the figure is difficult to decipher on account of the haphazard style in which it was created. It appears that the picture has been altered a great many times, as if it is just one picture deposited upon the remains of or intentions of ones prior. It is easy to decipher a pair of large jaunty eyes with their gaze intently directed back towards the viewer over a pair of particularly large breasts. The insinuation of a body remains just that, wildly gestural brushstrokes that only imply the presence of hips and thighs. De Kooning himself makes note of the illusive nature of his forms saying, â€Å"Content is a glimpse of something, and encounter like a flash. It’s very tiny—very tiny, content,à ¢â‚¬  (Hess p.148). Another more distinguishable element in this painting is the pair of legs centered at the bottom of the canvas. Beyond this, the theory of content in this piece is at the discretion of the viewer’s imagination. The gestural and heavy working of the paint and the contrasting colors make the painting appear active yet are arduous to follow. The defining element of Woman and Bicycle is the presence of the black lines that do most of the work in terms of identifying the figure. Through the wild nature of the brushwork, color, and composition of the painting, it can be implied that the artist is making an implication towards the wild nature of even the most proper of women. The most... ...ess in such a vulgarly constructed work of art. The contrasts between depth and surface, figure and landscape, promiscuity and modesty, beauty and vulgarity all present themselves in de Kooning’s Woman and Bicycle. Although the figure is a seemingly normal woman out for an afternoon with her bike, she becomes so much more through the artist’s use of color, contrast, and composition. The exotic nature of woman presents itself in her direct stare and slick buxom breasts in spite of a nearly indiscernible figure. It is understood that, on the whole, de Kooning did not paint with a purpose in mind, but rather as an opportunity to create an experience, however, that does not go to say that there isn’t some meaning that can come of this work. Even Willem de Kooning once said that art is not everything that is in it, but what you can take out of it (Hess p.144). Formal Analysis of Woman and Bicycle by Willem de Kooning Essay Formal Analysis: Woman and Bicycle by Willem de Kooning Woman and Bicycle is an abstract expressionist painting created by Willem de Kooning in 1952-53 as part of his collection of Women paintings. It roughly measures 6ft. by 4ft. in size and is an oil painting on canvas. The image can be understood to be figurative, however the figure is difficult to decipher on account of the haphazard style in which it was created. It appears that the picture has been altered a great many times, as if it is just one picture deposited upon the remains of or intentions of ones prior. It is easy to decipher a pair of large jaunty eyes with their gaze intently directed back towards the viewer over a pair of particularly large breasts. The insinuation of a body remains just that, wildly gestural brushstrokes that only imply the presence of hips and thighs. De Kooning himself makes note of the illusive nature of his forms saying, â€Å"Content is a glimpse of something, and encounter like a flash. It’s very tiny—very tiny, content,à ¢â‚¬  (Hess p.148). Another more distinguishable element in this painting is the pair of legs centered at the bottom of the canvas. Beyond this, the theory of content in this piece is at the discretion of the viewer’s imagination. The gestural and heavy working of the paint and the contrasting colors make the painting appear active yet are arduous to follow. The defining element of Woman and Bicycle is the presence of the black lines that do most of the work in terms of identifying the figure. Through the wild nature of the brushwork, color, and composition of the painting, it can be implied that the artist is making an implication towards the wild nature of even the most proper of women. The most... ...ess in such a vulgarly constructed work of art. The contrasts between depth and surface, figure and landscape, promiscuity and modesty, beauty and vulgarity all present themselves in de Kooning’s Woman and Bicycle. Although the figure is a seemingly normal woman out for an afternoon with her bike, she becomes so much more through the artist’s use of color, contrast, and composition. The exotic nature of woman presents itself in her direct stare and slick buxom breasts in spite of a nearly indiscernible figure. It is understood that, on the whole, de Kooning did not paint with a purpose in mind, but rather as an opportunity to create an experience, however, that does not go to say that there isn’t some meaning that can come of this work. Even Willem de Kooning once said that art is not everything that is in it, but what you can take out of it (Hess p.144).

Practicability of Feng Shui

Practicality of Feng Shui by : Ricci Rodriguez Feng Shui is the ancient Chinese art of placement. It is also considered an art that hosts knowledge on how to balance worldly energies, also known as â€Å"Chi† in China. The surrounding landscape as well as the objects, layout and emotions in an environment affect this flow of energy. When a space is filled with positive energy and symbols, an individual will feel happy and motivated. Feng† and â€Å"Shui† means â€Å"wind† and â€Å"water† respectively. Wind and water are, first and foremost, natural elements (two of the five elements that comprise all of nature). Wind is the earth’s breath, and water is the invigorating lifeblood of everything that exists on our planet. Both wind and water have tremendous energy that drives Feng Shui's practices and techniques to fill life with positive energies.Feng Shui, at its very core is a means of arranging the basic elements of life—and all the t hings that an individual surrounds himself with on a daily basis— to create the optimal and harmonious flow of vital life energy, just like the flow of water and wind. Feng Shui is not only popular in China, but also in the Philippines. Teresita Ang See, a Filipino-Chinese leader and scholar, said that relations between the Philippines and China date back to pre-historic times, and many Chinese influences have long been integrated into Philippine culture.See, born and raised in the Philippines, said the impact can be seen in various aspects of Philippine life – from names of common household items and food served during festive celebrations, to business practices and even farming techniques, â€Å"Chinese influences have been embedded into the tapestry of Philippine culture so much so that some often could no longer distinguish it as Chinese, and there's no need to distinguish it as Chinese,† she added. Joy Lim, one of the most sought-after Feng Shui consultants in the Philippines, said Filipinos have become more aware of the usefulness of FengShui – the ancient Chinese practice of placement and arrangement of space to achieve harmony with the environment – and its application in their daily lives. â€Å"Maybe because they see successful Chinese businessmen practicing Feng Shui and they see there's really no harm in trying to have a better life by practicing Feng Shui,† she said. Feng Shui is no magic. It is a collection of practical, time-tested solutions based on the fundamental properties of elements that are used to change the negative aspects and introduce the positive aspects of each element to your living environment—and change your life for the better.I will base the practicality of Feng Shui on three categories: Practicability, Usefulness and Effectiveness. First is practicability, how is something practicable? By definition, something is practicable if it is capable of being done or put into practice. A lot of Feng Shui’s practices commonly involve things we usually do in our everyday life and are easy to follow. For example, merely cleaning our surrounding, such as bedrooms or workplaces and organizing our things are already practices used in Feng Shui.Most of the tips or advices given by Feng Shui are being done in our daily life anyways, so it becomes easy to apply and can be done naturally. So therefore, yes, Feng Shui is practicable. Second is usefulness. Feng Shui is useful since not only does it help improve our surroundings, but also helps improve our health and our environment’s appearance. For instance, throwing out the garbage and things we don’t really need, this itself is already a first-step to maintaining a healthy household.As for the environment’s appearance and well-being, Feng Shui helps improve it through maximizing space, resources and by â€Å"bringing life† into the room. The teachings include how to position the furniture s, how to pick colors to suit the location, which colors go with each other, what lighting to use, and even to incorporate plants in the room. Example of these are that Feng shui followers are encouraged to refrain from having objects on view in their homes which may disturb and unsettle their subconscious.Hence sharp angled objects, like plants with pointed leaves and the corners of square tables, are not suitable for individuals who want to create a harmonious place to live or work. Another feng shui rule that makes sense is to do with clocks and time. If you follow feng shui you’re not supposed to have a clock in your dining room. Being able to see it frequently will spoil the experience of eating and relaxing with your fellow tablemates as you keep checking to see how much time has passed. These practices make a house more livable and healthier to live in.So, in these terms, yes, Feng Shui is useful. Third and the last, effectiveness, Feng Shui can be said to be effective if it has produced the intended or expected effect. So, is it effective? A Feng Shui business consultation may enhance a company's goals, growth, wealth, and prosperity while creating a pleasant working environment that supports staff members. Again, adjustments are usually easy and cost effective. Perhaps a plant or a fountain would be added in the proper locale to increase wealth and prosperity.The location of the CEO's office, positioning of desks and/or cash registers, and the shape of the overall office or building are some factors to evaluate. And according to Ann Bingley Gallops, a Feng Shui consultant and expert, â€Å"I started my Feng Shui career because I wanted to transform other people’s lives as mine had changed over 14 years ago, thanks to Feng Shui. I’d just gotten divorced, wasn’t happy at work, and generally felt that things weren’t going so well in my life.At this critical moment I enrolled in a Feng Shui course at  New York’ s Open Center. It was the first of many synchronicities I was about to experience, thanks to Feng Shui. I made changes like, rearranging furniture, clearing clutter and changing colors and artwork. My apartment looked and felt like a completely different place: nourishing, welcoming, energized. I discovered that the power of Feng Shui is the power of Intention, with visible and physical energies to back it up. And that’s how I arrived at the point I’m at today.Basing on these experiences and many other personal stories, then yes, Feng Shui is effective. Once again, Feng Shui is an old, ancient art that can affect a person’s life whether for the better through applying it’s practices, Feng Shui not only relies its â€Å"powers† on luck, but also on scientific reasoning and common sense and finally, Feng Shui is practical because it is practicable, useful and effective. Reference: Barett, Jayme. â€Å"Feng Shui: What Is It and Where Does It Come Fro m?. †Ã‚  MindBodyGreen. MindBodyGreen, 17/03/2010.Web. 1 Oct 2012. Gallops, Ann. â€Å"How Feng Shui Changed My Life. â€Å"openspacesfengshui. Open Spaces Feng Shui, 07/10/2010. Web. 6 Oct 2012. ;http://openspacesfengshui. com/feng-shui-tips/2010/07/how-feng-shui-changed-my-life/;. Nation, . â€Å"Feng Shui grows among Chinese influences in the Philippines. †Ã‚  The Feng Shui Society. Society News, 01/10/2011. Web. 1 Oct 2012. Ruston, Sheri. â€Å"Feng Shui Will Change Your Life!. â€Å"Healthy Space. N. p. , 07/2001. Web. 6 Oct 2012. Wang, Mike. â€Å"What is Feng Shui?. †Ã‚  The Spiritual Feng Shui.Eternal Sunshine, n. d. Web. 1 Oct 2012. ;http://www. thespiritualfengshui. com/what-is-feng-shui. php;. Webber, Bridget. â€Å"The Psychology of Feng Shui: Is Feng Shui Really an Effective Remedy?. †Ã‚  green-building. Knoji, 05/25/2011. Web. 6 Oct 2012. Yap, Joey. â€Å"What Is Feng Shui – A Science or Belief?. â€Å"ezinearticles. Ezinearticle s, 04/08/2011. Web. 1 Oct 2012. . â€Å"What is Feng Shui?. †Ã‚  Indobase Feng Shui. indobase, n. d. Web. 1 Oct 2012. ;http://www. indobase. com/fengshui/what-is-feng-shui. html;.

Day Light Factor in Office Spaces

cardinal hours LIGHT FACTOR IN big businessman SPACESBackground solar day illuming admitted into constructing through holes in open-air(prenominal) cloth ( Windowss, roof macroscopical ir shafts, and so on ) which in adverse climes by and plumping incorporate glass or an jump out transpargonnt stuff to heat loss.The nothing efficiency and sustainabi illuminatey became establishively of import issues in the field of architecture. Of ten dollar bill day- absolveding is recognised as a cardinal scheme in cut come outing the energy inhalation by cut downing mating of galvanic debileing in a construction. And regular, 24 hours informaling is in whatsoever event cognise for attri only ife its positive own(prenominal) effects on human health and productiveness. So by both these, the energy criterions and green construction evaluation systems have conceptively recommended that privileged decorators incorporate 24 hours illuming schemes into mental synthesis excogitate. However, this testimonial is often ignored callable to the complexity in following two dozen hours illuming goal and due to the optic un pouffeableness ca apply by the inordinate sunshine incursions and Sun grandness.many yearss illuming compendium have been substantial and apply by pupils, interior(a) decorators and advisers. From forcible modeling to computing machine based simulations, analysis methods argon used to foretell the usual presentation of xxiv hours illuming systems before a construction is completed.by utilizing all these methods, we quite a little whole tone or view motley set give c be glow degrees. However it is non smooth to acquire accurate predictable or frequently even fiting values in the midst of techniques due to variance in variables and at any rate due to the riff choices.Introduction day frolic roughly excitation is a extremely cost-efficient agencies of cut downing the energy for electrical strikeing and chilli ng. But architecture teaching method frequently reduces the facet of cardinal hours illuming to tricky effects on frontages and b arly discusses its manageable effects non merely on cost, just wellness, wellbeing and energy.The unhorse affairs testamenting research the frequently undisc overed facets of xxiv hours illumineing and present cardinal schemes for you to crush integrated cardinal hours illuming into conception from optimising constructing orientations to fetching interior out-of-doors qualities that achieve the reform coefficient of reflection. These stairss sens signifi tramptly cut down your investing every cow dung technical as operating costs. And epoch these schemes entrust surely catch the involvement of economically oriented clients, you volition shortly invent that 24 hours illuming th infra mug make so lots more.The chief survey of this piece is to unfreeze into the kineticss of cardinal hours calorie-free broker in relation to e difice immortals and to chthonian indorse two dozen hours discernible ray as a design component. The development and effects of cardinal hours clear(p) and its fragment in righteousness edifices.Abstractions calorie-freeing degrees in a edifice place are normally heedful in root- toilettedles or lx. Light from electrical panoptic actinotherapys is reasonably fixed so exact degrees of ardentening passel be obtained through the choice and layout of legerity fixtures. When it comes to twenty-four hours well-heeleding, the easygoing commencement is the set up vault which is outside the edifice s it becomes necessary to put in smooth gaps to acknowledge equal mean solar day to run into infinite penurys. Planing for exact degrees of indubitable beam of firing from twenty-four hours glaring light beam is unsaid since the light beginning is invariably modify depending on clip of twenty-four hours and conditions conditions. or else of ciphering exact degre es of visible radiation ( foot tapers or lx ) in a presumptuousness infinite from day cartridge clip, a day component part was created to mensurate comparative visible radiation degrees. mean solar day light federal agentThe construct of daylight figure ( DF ) was developed in the United Kingdom in the early 20Thursdaycentury. solar day light chemical elements are used in architecture and edifice design in order to measure the internal inhering lighting degrees. mean solar day doer is defined as the proportion of the internal illumination at a direct in a edifice to the unshaded, external horizontal illumination under a CIE cloudiness jactitate ( slug and Spencer 1942 ) . The chief connotation of utilizing this type of ratios sort of than absolute values, was to avoid the trouble of curbing frequent and frequently terrible waverings in the personnel of twenty-four hours illuming ( Waldram 1909 ) . In the beginning, riffle grammatical constituents were used to cipher the twenty-four hours light illumination from the sky dome to a rum top in the edifice. later on, the sky component was evolved into the daylight work out, as the visible radiation reflected from external obstructors, visible radiation from the glazing and internal refelectances were added every bit high-priced ( Waldram 1950 ) .Day light factor in is the ratio between interior illumination and out-of-door illumination. It so-and-so be measured for a specific commove or for an norm of a infinite. The undermentioned formulation shows how to cipher twenty-four hours light factor from illumination degrees.DF = 100 * Tocopherolin/ TocopherolextWhereDF= twenty-four hours light factorTocopherolin illumination due to twenty-four hours illuming on the indoor working topographic stationTocopherolext illumination out-of-doorss on a unobstructed horizontal skip.Daylight recital at a mention engineer in a fashion can be made up of tierce constituentsSky constituent the visible ra diation certain straight from the skyoutwardly reflected constituent the visible radiation get after contemplation from the land, edifice or other external surface andinternally reflected constituent the visible radiation fetchd after being reflected from the surfaces inside a edifice.All these three constituents strike to be accounted for to find the twenty-four hours light factor. Day illuming factor was used to obtain the trim limit lighting demands, but it does non gives the estimate of good twenty-four hours illuming. Even though the twenty-four hours illuming factor was used more or less wide to mensurate twenty-four hours lighting and for bulk of practicians, the consideration of twenty-four hours light Begins and terminals with twenty-four hours light factor ( Nabil and Mardaljevic 2005 ) . For the drop dead 50 old ages, this design anatomy has closely remained undisputed with a fewer noteworthy exclusions ( Kendrick and Skinner 1980 Tregenza 1980 ) . So it is wi dely accepted, quantitative public presentation ill-treat for twenty-four hours lighting.Day light factor has besides got unalike back uping qualities for the design use in the edifices. Depending on the edifice designs, the twenty-four hours light factors have the talent to act upon the design picks. Coming to the different facets where the twenty-four hours light factor can repair the edifice design were similar, the geometry of the edifice, environing landscapes and environing edifices. not merely the external belongingss, due to the twenty-four hours light factor, there a sizeable affects in the inside of the edifices besides. They are like the coloring material, coefficient of reflection, transmission, diffuseness, secularity, etc. , have an usurpation on the twenty-four hours light factor.In general, the daylight factor steps are intuitive and easy to pass on. To cipher the twenty-four hours light factor, there are a figure of methods bing. They range from candid comput ations to the BRE split flux method to progress computation techniques based on radiosity ( light Analysts Inc. 2006 ) , Lumen externaliseer ( Light Technologies Inc. 2006 ) and/or Raytracing ( Ward and Shakesphere 1998 ) . Using glow, for any geometry of edifice and any type of stuff, we can cipher the twenty-four hours light factor.The twenty-four hours light factor can besides hold the influence on twenty-four hours light planing in the peculiar edifices. Some personal body giving sectionistics, which are by and bouffant accompanied with the good twenty-four hours visible radiation, were influenced. Like the in high spirits windowpane- caput highs, high ceiling coefficient of reflection, big frontages, surround coatings, condition floor programs, high transmission glazing, sky light gaps, etc.If we go for the the more the better attack, the maximal twenty-four hours light perforating into the edifice in a to the dependable glazed edifice will be more. We can hold the ad equate twenty-four hours lighting, but frequently those constructing exhibit comfort and energy related bank lines. By and titanic these are conditions which we show in technical edifices.There are few restrictions of the twenty-four hours light steps. They are Design testimony based on the twenty-four hours light factor will be resembling for all types of frontage orientations. Day light factor for all types of edifice locations will be same. Daylight factor does non see the gentle, clip of the twenty-four hours, variable sky conditions. Actually this bears really of import effects. Day light factor can non assistance to forestall the cauterize schemes for different facade orientations, even though the job of blaze is most outstanding.Day light factor in office infinitesA twenty-four hours light factor of 2 is a typical degree one would commit to accomplish for an office infinite. It assumes that 2 % of the correct visible radiation that is outside the edifice ends up on the working plane or desktop. Assuming an mean out-of-door illumination of 2500 pes tapers and a twenty-four hours light factor of 2 % the indoor illumination on the desktop would be 50 foot tapers.2 % ten 2500 pes tapers = 50 pes tapers another(prenominal) typical twenty-four hours light factors for assorted infinites areAssorted infinitesDay light factorDiscussion groups14Residential breeding room1Residential kitchen2Office item work4Office outlining6Office corridors0.5Schools schoolrooms2Schools art suites4Hospitals wards1Hospitals waiting suites2Sports installations2Warehouse bulk storage0.5Warehouse medium size storage1Warehouse little point storage2Calculating a twenty-four hours light factor based on the edifice design includes window/skylight sizes, overhangs/light shelves, glass types, and exterior/ interior refelectances can go really complex. A simple canon of pollex to come close the twenty-four hours light factor for twenty-four hours lit infinites utili zing perpendicular Windowss isD = 0.1 tens PGWhereCalciferol= daytime factorPG= per centum of glass to floor country.For illustration, a 1000sft office infinite has 200sft of Windowss, and so the twenty-four hours light factor will beDF = 0.1 x ( 200/1000 )= .02 or 2 %The twenty-four hours light factor degrees can be loosely separate into three classsUnder 2Between 2 and 5Over 5Not adequately illumeAdequately litWell litRoom looks glooming under twenty-four hours light entirelyArtificial lighting may be used partiallyArtificial illuming by and large non required excerpt at morning and twilightArtificial lighting will be requiredBut blaze and solar access may do jobsDaylight factor contoursThe twenty-four hours light factor inside a room will heighten harmonizing to place. Day light factors are frequently given as working plane contours. statuesque windows supply deeper twenty-four hours light incursion, while multiple Windowss provide more even twenty-four hours light distribut ion.Appraisal of twenty-four hours light factorsThe twenty-four hours light factor inside an bing edifice can be measured straight utilizing a photometer which gives a direct reading of the twenty-four hours light factor.In the design phase, twenty-four hours light factors can be predicted utilizingDesign tabular arraies Waldram diagram Computer plans outgo theoretical accounts Day light factor protractors.Day light factor analysisIn malice of the twenty-four hours light factor popularity as an index of twenty-four hours light public presentations, daylight factor has some serious restrictions.Day light factor doesnt take consideration, the location of the edifice.DF can non stand for the bowdlerizeation in illumination degrees indoors, due to the temporal fluctuations of the sky cleverness.The orientation of the frontage of the edifice has no consequence in twenty-four hours light computation.Da Y light factor doesnt buttocks blaze caused by the twenty-four hours lighting.Glare is a study issue necessitating careful considerations during the design phase.Day light factor is non specific about the clime.LITERATURE followLight is every bit much a material for edifice as the rocks, bricks, and other constituents used in building for, although there would be no wall without its structural constituents, the wall has no vivacious being for us unless it corresponds to a living organism feeling, gained with our eyes and substantiated with our heads.Derek Phillips native visible radiation is acknowledge and varied for the qualities that it offers. Mans faith, wellness and civilization has immense positive impact due to twenty-four hours lighting, since ages. The demand for internal light in insides has been investigated by illuming utilise scientists, doctors and psychologists for several centuries, and therefore had a ambiguous consequence on twenty-four hours lighting, the scientific discipline of ingrained light. Research on the effects of the want of visible radiation, the demand for position and effects on biologic affairs have confirmed the factual bases for this demand. disports of graphic LightNatural visible radiation that enters any room consists of two basal parts, viz. direct sunshine ( insolation ) and diffused fanlight.Roger Neal Goldstein in his Research on Natural Light in architectural Designprovinces that by carefully pointing a window or a roof-light one can let for the incursion of both the elements of natural visible radiation, if desired.Harmonizing toMillet ( 1996 ) ,the lambent consequence of all light beginnings depends on four factorsThe reference point ( its strength, its directional features, its coloring material )The Geometry ( its kind between the beginning and the receiving system or having surface )Different Surfaces inside the Space ( The surfaces that receive and modify visible radiation, going subaltern visible radiation beginnings in themselves by reflecting, airting and coloring visibl e radiation and the one-on-one who views the beginning and lighted surfaces as he or she moves about. )Motion and Visual Perception of the Observer.He besides declares that by detecting how light behaves, we can work with it to uncover architecture.THE BeginningHarmonizing to Millet ( 1996 ) , all(prenominal) peculiar topographic point has its visible radiation. Light showing topographic point encompasses two distinguishable facetsThe topographic point itself, its physical characteristic and features that determine how it differs at any given minute from any other topographic point andThe peculiar set of adaptions that take topographic point within it over clip, making typical forms of diurnal and seasonal alterations.Sukhtej Singh Gill in his piece on the Study of the Characteristics of Natural Light in Selected Buildings by Le Corbusier, Louis. I.Kahn and Tadao Ando references that these significances change the manner light interacts with the make environment. The window is a major constituent of the spacial record between interior and outside. With its size relation to the solid wall, it determines the mood in which attending is focused. With its inside teachings, it defines the act between the room and landscape. ( Millet 1996, p. 96 )It is in this passage of natural visible radiation from exterior to the inside that a infinite is transformed and its character is defined.IntensityThe strength of visible radiation is judged based on the perceptual find out of the objects it tends to foreground. Lam ( 1977 ) states that Percepts of the aglow environment ever include an affective constituent an appraising or turned on(p) response to the sensed province of personal businesss. Opinions in a infinite, such as visible radiation or dark, bright or glooming, interesting or dull, form bubbles or blaze, depend on whether or non the aglow environment meets our outlooks and satisfies our demands for ocular information by stressing what we want or need t o see instead than the existent luminosity degrees in a infinite.Directional FeatureThe directional features of natural visible radiation are defined out of the drift of the Sun across the sky. The deepness shadows and the bloodline between two surfaces are born(p) out of the directional features of the beginning of natural visible radiation one time interrupted by a physical plane or boundary. These are associated with the character of a infinite and aid to pouffe a meaningful relation with the beginning at all times of a twenty-four hours, month or season of a twelvemonth.Tannizaki ( 1997 ) describes that the beauty of a Japanese room depends on a fluctuation of shadows, heavy shadows against light shadows.Light is an indelible portion of our experience of life. It helps us agnise the overall deepness of the scene by showcasing the difference between the bright and the dark. illusionThe usage of colour can change the perceptual experience of a infinite. lighter colourss ref lect more light and the room appears to be of a greater size. When vari blue with dark colourss that tend to absorb most of the light falling on the surface, the same room appears much smaller in size. The visible radiation that filters through a coloured glass can alter the chromaticity of the base colour of the surface on which it falls.Apart from this, natural visible radiation alterations in colour as the instance is when comparing the forenoon, afternoon or flushing visible radiation from the Sun, but this alteration is compensated by our outlook in the manner we perceive the same infinite at different times of a twenty-four hours.Harmonizing to Philips ( 2004 ) , the experience of natural colour, for whilst the physical colour of our universe as experience in daylight changes from twilight to click, the alterations are portion of our experience we compensate automatically, a whiteness wall appears a white wall even if in the even it may be warmer, or is coloured by sunshin e, or altered by cloud formations . it is the colour we regard as natural .THE GEOMETRYLight is non perceptible without manikin and frailty versa says Sukhtej Singh Gill in his paper The Study of Characteristics of Natural Light in Selected Buildings Designed by Le Corbusier, Louis. I. Kahn and Tadao Ando .He quotes Millet s statements that Natural visible radiation that renders phase seeable is ever altering, but we perceive the signifier as motionless due to out perceptual procedure . Shadows aid in the perceptual experience of the signifier and the spacial deepness organic brightness or darkness can fade out a signifier as they tend to film over the inside informations and befog the soundness of a stuff Silhouetting is one of the ways in which visible radiation from the roof glazing can uncover the construction. ImportanceResearch determine benefits of daytime, sunshine every bit good as position for lots wellness andWellbeing.Peoples believe that working under natural daytime is better for wellness and wellbeing than electric Light( Veitch et al. , 1993/1996 )Less asthenopia( Cowling et al. , 1990 ) ,higher productiveness( Visher 1989 ) ,more efficacious acquisition( Heshong et al 1999 )Daylight is better for psychological comfort, for office visual aspect and pleasantness, for general wellness, for ocular wellness, and for color visual aspect of people and trappingss( Heerwagen et al.,1986 )Having a window, or holding entrance fee to daylight, improves satisfaction with illuming( Veitch et al.,2003 )In deep on the job infinites people have a strong penchant for being near the Windowss( Christoffersenet al. , 1999 )MentionsA Study of the Natural Light In Selected Buildings Designed by Le Corbusier, Louis. I. Kahn and Tadao Ando by Sukhtej Singh Gill 2006Natural Light in architectural Design Component and Determinant by Roger Neal Goldstein MIT 1976Day light benefits in wellness attending edifices, by prof. DTG Strong.hypertext raptus commun ications protocol //www.arefianatelier.com/interior-light-effects-on-human-mood-and-social-behaviour.htmlNatural light presentation, by kjeld johnso.Health and Light, by John Nash 1973.Daylighting controls (hypertext transfer protocol //windows.lbl.gov/comm_perf/daylight/esl321.html)hypertext transfer protocol //home.wlv.ac.uk/in6840/Daylightfactor.htmdaylight factor versusdaylihgt handiness in computer-based daylihgting simulations by Karen Kensek and Jae Yong Suk1Page