Monday, September 30, 2019

Factors Affecting the Production of Rice in Malaysia

FACTORS AFFECTING THE PRODUCTION OF RICE IN MALAYSIA We would like to point out the factors affecting the production of rice in our country. Climate and the nature of soil, insect-pest and weed management, land areas, infrastructure, technologies and mechanization, dependency on other rice producers, investment and collaboration with international organization are the major factors that affect the rice productivity in Malaysia.In temperate and tropical climate areas, rice is grown mostly under irrigated lowland ecosystem, once a year during the warm months that are when the temperature regimes are suitable for growth and development of rice plants. However, with available irrigation water, rice can be grown more than one crop per year in tropical climate areas such as Malaysia. Other than that, rain fed lowland ecosystems also found in tropical areas which water supply to rice crops comes principally from rainfall.The low grain yields of the rice is attributed to the poor management by the farmers during the cultivation period, where fields are left unattended after sowing without any monitoring on plant nutrients and other critical aspects, such as weeds, diseases, and insect-pest attacks. Therefore, with good management practices, the application of adequate plant nutrient and water, together with weeds, diseases, and insect-pests management, the grain yields of upland rice varieties are expected to increase. All these aspects are therefore important in obtaining higher yields.However, MARDI will use fewer pesticides and go into organic farming with bio-fertilizer. It very important to reduce the importation of pesticides and chemicals, considering their cost and affect on our environment. The rice production areas in Malaysia are decreasing (in the year 1970-1980) because good rice areas, near development centers are being converted for other uses(refer to figure 8). As the results, the grain yields of rice are expected to decrease. Since the 1980s, Malaysia ’s land area for rice remained fairly constant at no more than 0. million hectares. Even though the land area for rice has remained rather constant, Malaysia’s rice productivity increases every year from 2. 1 ton/ha in 1961 to 3. 6 ton/ha in 2008 (refer to figure 5). Thus, Malaysia’s total rice production would also increase each year. Since 1985, Malaysia sees an average increase in total rice production of about 28,000 tons per year. The varieties of rice which produce high grain yields and quality (fragrance, colour) were collected from selected locations in the Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, and Sarawak.The government is constantly opening more fields and in Kota Belud, Sabah, a large field was recently opened. (said Deputy Minister of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry Chua Tee Yong). New padi farming areas in Sarawak which were at Bijat/Stumbin, Lingga/Banting, Daro, Nanga Merit, Pulau Baruit, Paloh, Sungai Seblak and Limbang, involving 43,821 hectares. (htt p://www. mysinchew. com/node/29442) The effort to develop and modernize rice sub-sector has been directed to several major rice growing areas of the country.The schemes to drain and irrigate two of these areas, Muda in Kedah and Kemubu in Kelantan have been financed by the World Bank. The purpose of drainage and irrigation in rice areas is to enable double-cropping which in turn requires high yielding varieties (HYV), chemical inputs such as fertilizer and pesticides and farm machineries to cope up with the new and tight schedule of rice farming. The provision of irrigation facilities has expanded double-cropping areas, improved the quality of rice land which was formerly either rain-fed or had not been properly irrigated and opened new areas for cultivation.Under the 10MP (10th Malaysia Plan), the government is spending about RM1 billion this year itself on agriculture, and a lot of that would be going to the construction of irrigation systems including dams to upgrade infrastructu res. (said Deputy Minister of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry Chua Tee Yong) Faced with higher wages and sharply reduced labor supply, farmers have mechanized land preparation, seeding, and harvesting to reduce production costs, labor inputs, and production time.Besides that, the technologies have make the life span of the paddy plant from seed to harvest has been lowered through research to 110 days from the traditional 150 days. Hence, double cropping is practiced. The crop cycle starts immediately after a crop harvest where the farmer cuts the stubble and burns it together with the straw strewn on the ground. This is the preferred crop management practice in order to reduce pest and to return the nutrients to the ground. Ploughing is carried out generally by a four-wheeled tractor with an attached rotovator and up to three rounds of ploughing are carried out.This is done to loosen the soil also to attain a level field which is a preferred way to improve crop establishment and increase both grain quality and yields. Crop establishment is accomplished normally through direct sowing of pre-germinated seeds on the fields or using transplanting. Harvesting is done mostly by machines using large combined harvesters imported from Europe and modified for use in paddy harvesting. We do not have as much as land as Indonesia so we have to go into high tech farming and adopt new technologies. So, we need to transfer new, innovative technologies to the end user and targeted groups.This is where the role of MARDI comes in, in terms of transferring technology to the farmers as well as the extension workers. The role of MARDI is to acquire, adapt and adopt technology as well. However, Malaysia was among the developing nations caught in the chaotic situation given its dependency on rice imports, especially from Thailand and Vietnam over the years. The difficulty in securing consistent supplies on the back as soaring international rice price had prompted the government t o seriously reassess and tighten its food security of food, especially in boosting rice production in Malaysia.Under the Ninth Malaysia Plan, a target has been set to raise Malaysia’s rice self-sufficiency level to 90% by 2010 from about 70% currently. In addition, without private sector involvement in the rice-growing industry, it would be difficult for the sector to grow or even maintain its 65 per cent output by 2010. Realizing this, the Agriculture and Agro-based Industries Ministry is drawing up incentives schemes to attract private sector investments. The private sector does not find the rice industry profitable as the cost is high and the returns slow, but the government is working towards this. said by Parliamentary Secretary Datuk Rohani Abdul Karim). The government was focusing on automation, precision farming and implementing various mechanisms to develop and modernize the rice industry, so private sector involvement was crucial. The investment also goes into train ing facilities and advisory activities, especially in developing new groups of farmers who are receptive to technology and skill. It is important to develop a collaboration of international organizations or a networking system to exchange information, knowledge, technologies, and experiences.IRRI operates the Integrated Rice Research Consortium for research and development of new technologies, and the Crop and Resource Management Network (CREMNET) to facilitate the exchange and evaluation of knowledge-intensive technologies (KITs) among primarily Asian National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS). The Consultation therefore advocates that collaboration between national and international organizations (FAO, IRRI, CIMMYT, UNDP, NARS, etc. ) should be strengthened to avoid duplication of efforts and to promote the use of sound practices and technologies in intensive rice cropping systems.In addition, the consultation recommends that the existing networks of NARS should be strengthened to facilitate the exchange and evaluation of promising KITs, and to freely share information, knowledge and experiences in promoting KITs for intensive and sustainable rice production. A collection of research scientists is working together with our international partners from the industry sectors, especially in China. China has very simple, cheap technology that we can adopt very fast.

Sunday, September 29, 2019

A Five Year Marketing Plan For Tulip Clothing Essay

This five-year marketing plan for Tulip Clothing has been created to secure additional funding for growth and to inform employees of the company’s current status and direction. Although Tulip was launched in the UAE only three years ago, the firm has experienced greater-than-anticipated demand for its products, and research has shown that the target market of sport-minded consumers and sports retailers would like to buy more casual clothing than Tulip currently offers. In addition, Tulip plans to explore opportunities for online sales. The marketing environment has been very receptive to the firm’s high-quality goods – casual clothing in trendy colours with logos and slogans that reflect the interests of outdoor enthusiasts around the country. Over the next five year, Tulip can increase its distribution, offer new products, and win new customers. 2. Company Description Tulip Clothing was founded three years ago by entrepreneurs Damian Thomas and Geoff Compton. Tulip Clothing reflects Damian’s and Geoff’s passion for the outdoors. The company’s original cotton T-shirts, caps and denim jackets bear logos of different sports such as kayaking, mountain climbing, bicycling, skating, surfing, and horseback or camel riding. But every item shows off the company’s slogan â€Å"Let’s Rock!†. Tulip sells clothing for both men and women, in the hottest colours with the coolest names – such as sunrise pink, sunset red, twilight purple, desert rose, cactus green, ocean blue, mountaintop white, and river rock grey (Thomas 2011). Tulip attire is currently carried by small retail stores that specialize in outdoor clothing and gear. Most of these stores are concentrated in Abu Dhabi and malls in the northern Emirates. The high quality, trendy colours, and unique message of the clothing have gained Tulip a following among consumers between the ages of 25 and 45. Sales have tripled in the last year alone, and Tulip is currently working to expand its manufacturing capabilities. Tulip is also committed to giving back to the community by contributing to local conservation programs. Ultimately, the company would like to develop and fund its own environmental programs. This plan will outline how Tulip intends to introduce new products, expand its distribution, enter new markets, and give back to the community. 3. Tulip’s Mission and Objectives Tulip’s mission is to be the leading producer and marketer of personalized, casual clothing for consumers who love the outdoors. Tulip wants to inspire people to get outdoors more often and enjoy family and friends while doing so. In addition, Tulip strives to design programs for preserving the natural environment. During the next five years, Tulip seeks to achieve the following financial and nonfinancial goals: Financial Objectives: Obtain financing to expand manufacturing capabilities, increase distribution, and introduce two new product lines. Increase revenues by at least 50% each year. Donate at least AED 25,000 a year to conservation organizations. Nonfinancial Objectives: Introduce two new product lines—customized logo clothing and lightweight luggage. Enter new geographic markets in neighbouring GCC countries. Develop a successful Internet site, while maintaining strong relationships with retailers. Develop its own conservation program aimed at promoting environmental awareness in local communities. 4. Core Competencies Tulip seeks to use its core competencies to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage, in which competitors cannot provide the same value to consumers that Tulip does. Already, Tulip has developed core competencies in (1) offering a high-quality, branded product whose image is recognizable among consumers; (2) creating a sense of community among consumers who purchase the products; and (3) developing a reputation among retailers as a reliable manufacturer, delivering the requested number of products on schedule. The firm intends to build on these competencies through marketing efforts that increase the number of products offered as well as distribution outlets. By forming strong relationships with consumers, retailers, and suppliers of fabric and other goods and services, Tulip believes it can create a sustainable competitive advantage over its rivals. No other clothing company can say to its customers with as much conviction â€Å"Let’s Rock!†. 5. Situation Analysis The marketing environment for Tulip represents overwhelming opportunities. It also contains some challenges that the firm believes it can meet successfully. A SWOT analysis of the company highlights Tulip’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Drawing the right conclusions from a SWOT analysis is the most important purpose of performing the analysis (Kotler 2009). Strengths: Tulip’s dedicated founders understand the target market and product. Tulip has achieved distribution in several markets with quick acceptance. Tulip has very little debts with great potential for growth. Tulip works with a single manufacturer, allowing high quality control levels. Weaknesses: Tulip’s founders may lose sight of the potential scope of the business. A limited number of consumers around UAE are aware of the Tulip brand. The firm has limited cash flow. Tulip relies on a single manufacturer which limits the production capacity if the firm wants to expand. Opportunities: Tulip’s loyal customers are likely to buy more products. Gaps exist in the UAE market that can be filled with new products such as customized clothing items and luggage. The key challenge in filling these gaps is in the shaping process that allows ideas to move forward; to be processed and refined in a way so that management can â€Å"pick the winners† (Florà ©n & Frishammar 2012). Tulip has a chance to expand across the GCC into new markets. The firm can reach more consumers via a website. Threats: Consumers may tire of the concept and the firm needs to keep it fresh. Larger competitors such as Marks & Spencer or Timberland may establish a similar product line. Clothing sales have generally been flat over the past few years, even though UAE has the highest fashion spending in the developed world (Sambidge 2011). Relationships with retailers may deteriorate if they feel internal competition from the internet site. The SWOT analysis presents a thumbnail sketch of the company’s position in the marketplace. In just three years, Tulip has built some impressive strengths while looking forward to new opportunities. Its dedicated founders, the growing number of brand-loyal customers, and sound financial management place the company in a good position to grow.

Saturday, September 28, 2019

What Are the Political and Cultural Developments of the Ancient and Term Paper

What Are the Political and Cultural Developments of the Ancient and Medieval Eras - Term Paper Example The Medieval Era is also referred to as the Dark Ages as there was very little writing, science or culture during this period. This period is finally believed to have ended with the fall of the Eastern Roman Empire in 1453. During all these years, the world has been a witness to innumerable events and discoveries, which have had a tremendous impact on our lives. Mesopotamia, was originally the area around the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Today, we know this region as the modern-day Turkey, Syria, and Iraq. Historians believe that the earliest civilizations began in a land which today is the modern Iraq. Geographically Iraq belongs to Mesopotamia of the Old Testament. The land of Mesopotamia was filled with surplus water resources and was a land with plenty of valleys and rivers. It was a land of fertile vegetation, plentiful wildlife, and abundant water. This paved way for producing surplus food and for the development of civilization. Civilization here was initialized by many rulers like Hammurabi (1792-1750 B.C.), Cyrus (550-530 B.C.), Darius (520-485 B.C.), and Alexander (336-323 B.C.). By 6000 B.C., Mesopotamia was occupied chiefly by Turkish and the Iranians. Southern Mesopotamia was the area from where a high sense of religion developed. Many of the important Mesopotamian cities developed in areas that surrounded Sumerian culture cente rs. This helped in the development of a close relationship between the government and religion. The ancient cities like Babylon and Assyria were a part of Iraq. There were also many attempts made for flood control and joint irrigation. This was very helpful in initializing the development of this civilization. Mesopotamia was controlled by different people at different times, starting with the Sumerians in around 3500 B.C. The Sumerians are said to have invented the wheel and the Cuneiform script, which most historians regard as the earliest form of writing. Ancient Mesopotamians had ceremonies for each month based on the waxing and waning of the moon, equinoxes and solstices, etc. Music played a very important part in their lives, and songs were sung to children, which and these were passed on through many generations as an oral tradition. Later these provided a valuable source of information about their past history. They used a small stringed musical instrument called the Oud, wh ich is considered as a forerunner to the European lute. They enjoyed games like boxing, wrestling, and some form of polo. Mesopotamians were known to bury their dead in family graves along with their possessions. The political history of the Sumerians was one of constant warfare, where each city-state would try to conquer and unify the other, but mostly failing in their efforts. Though it was eventually unified by Eannatum, the Sumerian King of Lagash for a short period, it was later conquered by the Akkadians, who survived for a few generations before being taken over by the Babylonians. EGYPT The Egyptian culture has about six thousand years of recorded history. Life here began along the banks of the river Nile. This place has a very rare geographical unity and also cultural unity. The Egyptian people even today feel proud about being a descendant of humankind who belonged to the earliest civilized community. Egypt was one of the earliest civilizations, which maintained such a dis tinctive and stable culture that it was powerful enough to later influence the cultures of Europe, the Middle East and the African countries. Most of the dynasties of the ancient Egyptians developed along the river Nile. A lot of

Friday, September 27, 2019

Deng Xiaoping's foreign policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Deng Xiaoping's foreign policy - Essay Example Though Korea and Japan are trade partners for US in Asia, the policies of US regarding China even dominated election manifesto of that Country. When discussing about the foreign policy of Deng Xiao Ping, it is reasonable to mention about US. The underlying reason is that in post cold war period, US emerged as a single super power and any country's foreign policy was compelled to keep US in consideration if it wants to be a major partner in world trade. Deng's policy was matter of discussion because China developed links with US despite confrontation in past and present (Taiwan). The significant feature in the Deng's foreign policy is recognising the US as a sole super power in post cold war period. The growth of China compelled US to treat human rights and economic benefits separately. Development of Sino US relations: From the date of sworn in of George Bush in 1989 till the end of two term presidency of Bill Clinton Sino American relations took a dramatic changes. Bush even visited China before visiting Europe to state the new priorities and China reciprocated in the same way US responses.1 The communication gap between China and Soviet Union, the down ward trend of Soviet Union's economy, George Bush's diplomacy in meeting China's leadership before Gorbachev met them made this foreign policy a successful thing for PRC (people's Republic of China). In the aftermath of Tiananmen Square incident China's top leadership recognised that US have its own compulsions regarding the moral and human values. From that point of time both the countries started responding cautiously to each other's acts and deeds. The opening of China's market and the opportunities to establish industries there by US companies made Bill Clinton to treat human rights and economic issues separat ely to avoid sanctions on China. After 1994 gesture of Clinton there was even military confrontation between US and China regarding Taiwan Strait. But within one year China recognised the compulsions of US regarding Taiwan and summits were held between the two countries in 1997 and 1998, which resulted a strategic partnership between the two countries. After that though a failure, US supported to include China in WTO. A saying was developed in diplomatic circles in between 1989-2000. It was "the American elections start with criticising China and the elected president term ends with developing relations with China". This gives the intentions of the leaders of both the countries to develop relations in spite of opposition in the home country. The reason is that the populations of the two countries interacted very less till then. The interaction is possible when the relations develop. So instead of stepping into precipice, the leaders of both the countries tried to refrain themselves from criticising each other in the case of domestic and international developments. Though the per capita income of China is less than number of western countries, the vastness of its economy and number of customers in its 1.2 billion population made West and US to develop strategic relations with China. So if Deng's foreign policy was termed as a success, the credit goes to the economic development of China. Though there are disparities in distribution of wealth in China, the size of the economy compels any

Thursday, September 26, 2019

National Science Teacher Association Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

National Science Teacher Association - Essay Example NSTA Journal Articles contain peer-reviewed journals that can be easily searchable by science professionals. These online resources are very useful for the teachers as they effectively fit the needs and learning style of every science teacher. The teachers are able to access these online resources whenever required. It also provides membership to the science professionals, which include teachers, administrators, scientists, and all those people who are related to the field of science. NSTA has some guiding principles, which make this association the largest organization committed to the progress of science professionals. Some of those guidelines include valuing scientific excellence, facilitating researchers to enhance their learning and teaching, promoting the concepts of diversity and respects, and making NSTA a dynamic and professional organization. NSTA is a dynamic organization, which constantly provides extraordinary services to science teachers and professionals. Summing it up , NSTA not only facilitates the teachers to evaluate and improve their teaching skills but also enables them to receive a certificate upon completion of training and learning style of every science teacher.

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nursing - Essay Example These include denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance. Over the years, statistics have proved that other situations of loss can cause people to undergo the aforementioned emotional stages. According to Kubler-Ross, the first stage implies dealing with grief of losing a loved one; this stage is denial. â€Å"It is a temporary defence and will soon be replaced with partial acceptance† (Kubler-Ross, 1969). Denial is a state of unbelief when one first hears the news of the fateful event or death. The person is in shock and wishes that this is only a dream or a passing wind. In the Bible, Job lost all his wealth when he was tested by the devil. In one single day, he lost his ten children, thousands of household animals including sheep, oxen, donkeys and camels. After receiving the news, Job fell down and worshiped God, which is a contrast to Kubler-Ross theory. Secondly, after acceptance, persons get angry and go out to seek reasons. Job got angry on hearing the news o f the loss; he tore his mantle and shaved his hair but did not express his anger to God. Additionally, he cursed the day he was born. However, he did not ask why all that was happening in his life but he reckoned that he came naked to the earth and he would leave the same way. Thirdly, Kubler-Ross observed that people get into bargaining with their maker or the universe about their loss. In contrast, Job accepted his maker’s wisdom and did not try to bargain. Fourthly, a person becomes withdrawn, gets into depression, and wonders whether life is still worth living. Likewise, Job felt helpless and his wife would tell him to curse God and die as a last resort. Lastly, Kubler-Ross observed that patients in terminal illness would eventually accept their fate and seek out a normal life again. Similarly, Job accepted the will of God and did not heed to his friends and his wife’s request to curse God. He received a double portion of his prior wealth. The stages of loss, as su ggested by Kubler-Ross, may not apply to Buddhism, which is a funerary religion. The Japanese poems dwell so much on death and eternity and regard it as a new way of looking at life or as a new enlightenment. Additionally, they believe in cycles of rebirth and wondering souls, which gives them an aspect of accepting loss as the will of their Nirvana. A strong relationship exists between joy and the above grieving models. Joy is a state of happiness contributed by good things of life. For instance health, not dying, love optimism, hope, and admiration. According to Kearney & Griffin, parents draw joy from talking about the success of their children as affectionate, beautiful, generous, or cheerful. Joy is the opposite of grief and does not exist in isolation of grief. Drawing two circles and naming one joy and the other grief, the place they meet at is a combination of both joy and grief (Kearney & Griffin, 2001). At one point, one is happy about their life and success but at the bac k of their mind, there is a possibility of death, sickness, or loss of job. Therefore, people interact with grief as much as they interact with joy in their daily lives. I concur with Kubler-Ross method of grieving. News of loss of a loved one or a terminal illness leaves devastating effect on ones life. However, each person takes a different turn on receiving such news. Some will go straight to acceptance; others follow the five steps, while some may remain in denial forever. According to Good Therapy website,

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

Evidence-Based Practice Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evidence-Based Practice - Research Paper Example lity quasi-experimental or randomized group design research and three high quality single subject design researches carried out by at least three different study groups or researchers (Autisminternetmodules.org). Social narratives are visually designed stories that illustrate social circumstances together with socially relevant responses or actions that help persons with autism spectrum disorder acquire and use relevant social skills. Some of the social skills include self-management, decision-making, communication, peer relations and problem-solving abilities. These skills allow individuals to start and sustain positive social relationships. There are numerous narrative approaches that have been developed to meet the social skills shortfalls of persons with ASD. The educators or parents write the narratives that are designed to improve social intelligence. Social narratives help persons with ASD to gain information about the views and emotions of other people. They also help in understanding contextual information that the individuals with ASD may have missed. Social narratives can be an efficient, inexpensive approach that promotes heightened social and behavioral comprehension (Autisminte rnetmodules.org). The first step in creating social narratives is to identify the social situation that needs intervention. The author selects a social behavior that should change, preferably the one in which improvement will enhance social interactions, new social learning opportunities, or even safer environment. The second step is to define clearly the target behavior for data collection. It can be done in a style that all individuals involved in data collection understand it. The author should ensure that the target behavior defined is observable, measurable and specific. In the third step, the author collects baseline data on the target behavior. If the data is gathered over a long period, it will allow the author to determine learning and outcome trends

Monday, September 23, 2019

Gloalization of Spain Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gloalization of Spain - Term Paper Example This isn’t a reason to turn away from globalization, but it is a reason to be vigilant. This essay will look at the way Spain has become more dependent on other countries through the process of globalization and it will suggest that this has mostly been for the best. Although the exact moment of globalization occurring in Spain is a highly debatable question considering the length of Spains history and its extensive involvement in world affairs, it could be said that 1990s marked the rapid acceleration of the period. Spain decided to go full steam ahead with economic global integration. While other countries were slow to see the positive ramifications of globalization, Spain was not. It saw what it wanted and it struck. After many years of sclerotic economic growth under Franco, Spain was ready to reengage with the world again.1 Of course, with current economic events shaking the world economy, we begin to see some of the potential negative effects of globalization for Spain. The problems point to one of the serious drawbacks of globalization: when you open your economy up to the other economies of the world you can get very rich as long as they do well—but you also become very vulnerable to their problems too. This is something Spain has become concerned about regarding the E.U. in the past, and now with the American economy in shambles, it must again revisit this difficult situation. The global economic crisis has shown that interconnectedness can bring with it negative consequences. While a rising tide lifts all boats, a severe drought makes everyone thirsty. This is a problem that will have to be negotiated on the world stage. Spain has a number of economic problems that result from this, including high unemployment. But in the course of this important debate it is important to remember the benefits that have come with

Sunday, September 22, 2019

Effects of Social Media Essay Example for Free

Effects of Social Media Essay Cattail Hare come 107 Mr.. August Positive and Negative Effects of Social Media Social media is everywhere. Every day, thousands of people are logging on to social networking websites People talk the social media slang without even knowing it these days. Our world revolves around Backbone, Twitter and other social media sites. Like every coin has two sides even this has Its own pros and cons. One thing that users may not realize Is the effect that social media Is having on society There are some positive effects of social networking. Some social networking sites are used a way to display ones creativity. Twitter allows users to customize their colors and change the background. Blobbing websites have made it easy for a user to post customizable blobs and choose the things they want shared. The biggest networking site, Backbone. Allows a user to post a picture of their choice to the top of their profile. Besides what users are customizing, the site also serves as a form of self expression. A user might notice that one person posts quotes, while one always posts funny things, some may cost about everyday life and some post song lyrics that they may like. Users use their online profile as a way to reflect themselves. Social media has also helped users to connect to people around the world and bring some closer to others then they were before. It helps people become aware of things tat happen all throughout the world, rather than relying on the news later that night to see it. They see pictures and news about events almost Immediately When the earthquake in Halt hit. People were able to the damaging effects right away. One person near the accident could tweet about hat Just happened and it would spread worldwide, making everyone aware. Social networking is connecting users everywhere, and spreading kindness and knowledge worldwide. It allows users to overcome the distance put between them, and lets them unite together. Sites allow people to connect with others that they wouldnt contact in person, but makes It easier through the site. It gives users a more open attitude about others and really allows them to get to know others, which they wouldnt have done before. A negative effect of social media is bullying. The number of children Ewing shipbuilder is creasing, as the social networking sites are becoming more and more popular. Accessibility can be sending threatening messages, positing embarrassing pictures of others, or spreading rumors. Accessibility Is becoming big because networking sites make It easier for someone to start drama, tell lies or say hurtful things, because nobody Is there to tell them to stop. Rather than a confrontation in person, users hide behind their computer screen and cellophane. With Just one click, an embarrassing photo or rumor can be spread to thousands worldwide. Social media has its good effects and its bad effects. Whether it causes users harm or brings them together is up to the user to let it hurt them or help them If people are using social media sites Just to stalk peoples profile pictures, make fun of them, post embarrassing stories about each others personal lives, or start networking to get to know each other, celebrate each others differences, and learn from one another, users could really make a positive difference with them. The effect that social media has on society is entirely up to those who use it and how they use it.

Saturday, September 21, 2019

Compare and Contrast on Fibers Essay Example for Free

Compare and Contrast on Fibers Essay As nutrition labeling becomes essential throughout the world, it is recognized that a single definition of fiber may be needed. New products are being developed or isolated that behave like fiber, yet do not meet the traditional requirements of fiber, either analytically or physiologically. Without an accurate definition of fiber, compounds can be designed or isolated and concentrated using available methods without necessarily providing beneficial health effects, which most people consider to be an important attribute of fiber. Most of us are familiar with the terms soluble fiber and insoluble fiber† but what is the actual difference? Soluble fibers bind with fatty acids and slow digestion so blood sugars are released more slowly into the body. These fibers help lower LDL cholesterol and help regulate blood sugar levels for people with diabetes. Insoluble fibers help hydrate and move waste through the intestines and control the pH levels in the intestines. These fibers help prevent constipation and keep you regular. The three most commonly used fibers are dietary, functional, and total fibers. Dietary Fiber consists of non-digestible carbohydrates and lignin that are intrinsic and intact in plants. Functional Fiber consists of isolated, non-digestible carbohydrates that have beneficial physiological effects in humans. Total Fiber is the sum of Dietary Fiber and Functional Fiber. Dietary fiber comes from the portion of plants that is not digested by enzymes in the intestinal tract. Part of it, however, may be metabolized by bacteria in the lower gut. Different types of plants vary in their amount and kind of fiber. Dietary Fiber includes pectin, gum, mucilage, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Pectin and gum are water-soluble fibers found inside plant cells. They slow the passage of food through the intestines but do nothing to increase fecal bulk. In contrast, fibers in cell walls are water insoluble. These include cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Such fibers increase fecal bulk and speed up the passage of food through the digestive tract. Dietary fiber may help reduce the risk of some cancers, especially colon cancer. This idea is based on information that insoluble fiber increases the rate at which wastes are removed from the body. This means the body may have less exposure to toxic substances produced during digestion. Dietary fiber is found only in plant foods such as fruits, vegetables, nuts and grains. The form of foods may or may not affect its fiber content. Canned frozen fruits and vegetables contain just as much fiber as raw ones. Other types of processing may reduce fiber content. Drying and crushing, for example, destroy the water-holding qualities of fiber. The removal of seeds, or peels also reduces fiber content. Whole tomatoes have more fiber than peeled tomatoes, which have more than tomato juice. Likewise, whole wheat bread contains more fiber than white bread. Functional Fibers are isolated, non-digestible forms of carbohydrates that have been extracted from starchy foods or manufactured from starches or sugars. Unlike dietary fibers which are consumed in whole foods like vegetables, grains and legumes. These added substances are considered fiber because, like dietary fiber, they resist digestion and perform some of the same functions when eaten. Functional Fiber may have some of the benefits of naturally consuming dietary fiber, such as helping to prevent constipation or lowering blood glucose levels after meals, but in contrast lack nutrients and phytochemicals that come with fiber found in whole foods. Functional Fibers include gums, pectins, polydextrose and inulin. Inulin and polydextrose are water-soluble fibers as well as pectin and gums found in dietary fiber. Inulin is one functional fiber that is now being added into many food products enabling an excellent source of carbohydrates for probiotic organisms populating the lower portion of the gastrointestinal system. Such fibers may increase beneficial bacteria in the gut, enhance immune function, add bulk to stools, and help prevent constipation. Most nutritionists encourage getting fiber from whole foods that we eat because they contain many other healthful plant compounds. However, if you don’t get enough fiber in your diet (25-38grams daily) added functional fibers can help fill in the gap. On food labels, functional fibers are usually included in the grams of dietary fiber. Eating a wide variety of fibers is the ideal solution to gaining all the health benefits. Total fiber is the sum of dietary fiber and functional fiber. Its not important to differentiate between which forms of each of these fibers you are getting in your diet but that the total amount is moderate. Eating too much fiber (more than 50-60 grams of fiber a day) may decrease the amount of vitamins and minerals your body absorbs. To add more fiber to the diet, an individual can increase the amount eaten gradually, this gives the stomach and intestines time to get used to the change. In addition, fiber supplements could easily lead to excess, which may cause intestinal discomfort thus, adding fiber to the diet with the addition of fiber rich foods is a safer route. Eating too much fiber too quickly may cause gas, diarrhea, and bloating. Excessive use of fiber supplements is associated with greater risk for intestinal problems. Some of the benefits from a high fiber diet may be from the food that provides the fiber, not from fiber alone. For this reason, it is best to obtain fiber from foods rather than from supplements.

Friday, September 20, 2019

The Emerging Challenges In Airport Management

The Emerging Challenges In Airport Management INTRODUCTION In order to understand where international air transportation may be heading to long-term, the factors which have driven the growth in air travel in the past and what will those forces look like in the future? The last quarter of the twentieth century has seen gigantic change in the transport sectors of many countries, imposing much dislocation on both people and companies engaged in the provision of transport services. An airport is comprised of a huge variety of facilities, systems, users, workers, rules and regulations. Also, just as cities flourish on trade and commerce with other cities, airports are successful in part by their ability to lucratively be the location where passengers and cargo travel to and from other airports. Moreover, just as cities find their place as part of its countys, states, and countrys economy, airports, too must operate effectively as part of the nations system of airports. Many other economic sectors have faced the need for vast adaptation to new trends in the growth of the world economy. These challenges faced by airports are enormous. Airports query in forward way and are described in gathered information. OVERVIEW: An assessment of abundant air travel forecasting models indicates the key drivers as GDP and income growth. In a replica an economic recovery will produce a set of world economies which will look much the same as what we saw in 2007-2008, then knowing the expected values and influences of old variables is what is important. Closely linked to these factors are trade growth, Security, congestion in airport and airspace, automation, ground access, CNS/ATM, Environmental constraints and foreign direct investment. Airlines are turning to bigger and larger aircraft, financial constraints, increasing consumer interests are some of the irritants. Simulation of passenger flow in an airport terminal is also a major problem in an airport. There have been policy changes, including the increasing liberalization of international aviation agreements, the changing business models of carriers, the expansion of alliances and the growth in long haul aircraft fleets. Influences to be considered in assessing the future of international passenger air travel are those things events, policies and economic and political environment which are new. New forces will be at work in the future that will have an impact on international air travel. IDENTIFIED CHALLENGES: AIRLINE MARKETING AND MANAGEMENT ECONOMIC IMPACT IN PRIVATIZATION AIRPORT AIRLINE RELATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AUTOMATION CARGO PROBLEMS AIR TRAFFIC CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS AIRPORT-AIRSPACE CONGESTION SAFETY NEW LARGE AIRCRAFT COMPACTING STRATEGIES: AIRLINE MARKETING AND MANAGEMENT This has been prepared against a backdrop of what is still an industry facing rapid change and continuing financial problems. We have also seen that in aviation it is a dangerous statement to say that, Things cant possibly get any worse. People were indeed saying this in 2003, when things did get worse with a rapid increase in the price of aviation fuel which has continued up to the present time. The industry has endured turbulent times before admittedly at a reduced scale compared with today and has come through them. The problem for traditional airlines will be that most of this traffic will be carried by the small number of giant global Integrators rather than by them. When coming to the property management airport shareholders and owners demands grow, non-aeronautical related income is becoming increasingly important for airports. The marketing environment of the airline industry will certainly remain volatile and difficult. The established trends towards deregulation and liberalization will continue, and, at least towards the end of a ten-year timescale, may encompass the long-overdue changes in ownership and control rules which will allow aviation to finally take its place amongst other global industries. Technology will also affect airlines. In the future, though the ability to build and maintain strong brands will be a necessary requirement for success. If it is, it will require marketing communication spending which is substantial, well-thought out and seen in a strategic, long-term way rather than as a tactical exercise which can be reduced or ditched as soon as times become difficult. This Airport module helps airports to manage their rental, lease, license and concession related interests. It provides the information you need to make important property related business decisions. An effective tool for quick resolution and management of airport activities. Simple tracking and escalation of tasks to the right people in the airport and Information is provided at the fingertips of the right people within the airport, enabling effective decision making in incident management also solves problem. AIRPORT PRIVATIZATION: Airports have been increasingly dependent on the private sector to provide services as a way to reduce costs and improve the quality and the range of services offered. Privatization refers to changing governmental functions and responsibilities, in complete or in part, to the private sector. Most services now performed at large commercial airports, such as airline ticketing, baggage handling, cleaning, retail concessions, and ground transportation, are provided by private firms. Even after privatization, the airports have remained subject to government regulation of airline access, airport charges to airlines, safety, security, and environmental protection. Privatization advocates believe that private firms would provide additional capital for development; privatized airports would be more profitable because the private sector would operate them more efficiently, and advocates believe that privatization would financially benefit all levels of government by reducing demand on public funds and increasing the tax base. However, the concepts that drive private enterprises toward competitive and efficient operations are becoming embraced by publicly owned and managed airports. As a result, more efficient executive structures and management responsibilities have resulted in more streamlined and efficient airport management organizational structures which can visualize solutions to future issues and problems and reach the goals. AIRPORT AIRLINE RELATIONS: Almost all are owned and operated by state Governments or subdivisions of state governments such as cities, counties, or airport authorities. Unlike railroads, motor freight carriers, and bus lines, which must own, their terminals, the airlines do not own the airports. This has the advantage of holding down the capital investment necessary to operate, but the disadvantage that the airlines must cope with the policies, practices, And charges of hundreds of separate airport-operating entities. The airlines, which are properly merely tenants at the airport, thus become enmeshed in the financial problems of the airport. Another matter of concern to the airlines is airport capacity. Deregulation, stimulated a trend toward smaller aircraft which increased the number of flights needed to serve a given number of passengers. Deregulation has also tended to encourage hub-and-spoke operations, as mentioned earlier, where a carrier selects an airport as a hub and tries to time a number of inbound flights to feed traffic to an outbound flight. Aggravating these factors, the long-term growth of traffic continues. The airline tends to blame the government for the problem of congestion and delays at the busiest airports, alleging that the air traffic control system, which is operated by the FAA, has lagged in introducing the most modern technology, and that there has been insufficient funding for needed airport improvements. As these factors will be seen from the foregoing, airport economics and airline economics are closely intertwined. As these problem areas demonstrate, airline economics is closely interrelated not only with other parts of the economic system but also very much with the social, technological, and political arenas. The problems are many and severe, but challenging. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES: Airplanes, a source of carbon dioxide emissions, are poised to become a major factor in global warming in the future, according to new predictions. These types of airport problem in which airlines are deeply involved come under the general heading of environmental interactions. An airport can cause noise, air, and water pollution, as well as automobile traffic congestion. Environmentalists will insist, with some logic, that the true costs of an airport should include the social costs of such pollution and congestion-that is, the losses to society in its quality of living. Noise problems due to aircraft operations are the most serious of the environmental charges against the airports and in many ways the hardest to resolve. In a few instances it has been possible to acquire huge tracts of land around the airport so that the aircraft flight paths are over airport property when they are at low levels. Proposals have been made to locate new airports at sea or, for Chicago and other lake ports, out in the lakes. So many large U.S. cities are located on the oceans or the Great Lakes that such projects are at least Conceivable for the next century, although they would present their own technological and environmental difficulties. The noise problem has also been tackled by finding ways to make aircraft engines quieter. AUTOMATION: Another important input that promotes the airport access is the automation. Advancement information communication technology (ICT) has eased much of the pressure from airport operations. As airport operations, you need to focus more on integrating the ICT applications to improve key functional departments and personnel within the airport to access critical airport information in support of resources management, engineering and maintenance, financial management, operations and all decision support activities. Managing an airports revenue stream can be a complex and difficult task. The Airport Billing Module is designed to vastly simplify the collation and billing of all your flight and non-flight related revenue. The system is completely flexible to your specific business requirements while maintaining billing integrity and ease of use. Its primary focus is on improved operational efficiency and charge flexibility makes it an affordable solution, minimizing your costs whilst maximizing your revenue options. Reporting is made simple with the ability to derive accurate financial, operational and executive Key Performance Indicators. Automation related incidents are common knowledge because of their increasing frequency of occurrence. Data- entry errors, monitoring failures, system workarounds and mode misapplication which fault rarely occur in isolation or without contributing factors. Some of the solutions for the issues are awareness, training, by standard operating procedure and crew coordination .in which mode awareness, situational awareness, system awareness, and increased heads-down time which are the conditions that may lead to unsafe conditions in advanced-technology air-craft. CARGO PROBLEMS: Certain problems in the air cargo field deserve special notice, such as inflation, multilateral cargo agreements, and the impact of trade agreements, fuel policy, hazardous cargo, and cargo alliances. These seem to be inherent in the air cargo business. Among these are directional imbalance, the absence of new dedicated freighter aircraft, airport noise regulations, and the dependence in many domestic markets on belly cargo and thus on schedules tailored to please passengers. Despite these chronic problems, air freight continues to grow, and small-package traffic continues to grow rapidly. AIR TRAFFIC: Most airports around the world today are facing a crisis due to an exponential increase in air traffic. The modeling software ARENA developed by Rockwell Automation is made use of in simulating the complete flow of passengers for typical mid-sized airport during the domestic arrival, departure, and also during international arrival and departure for a flight. Arena basically helps in streamlining and optimizing all the passenger related processes at the airport. It helps reducing passenger processing times, and the number of passengers who miss their flight due to lack of time. The four major controller classifications at control towers: Flight Data Controller, Clearance Delivery Controller Ground Controller and Local Controller which of these positions has specific duties. Not only airlines/airports contributions by way of passenger and freight activities, and the increasing number of aircraft movements are vital input to national economy. The need for change in the current CNS/ATM is due to two principal factors: Due to inherent limitations in the current system, it will not be able to cope-up with the growing demand of air traffic; and the need for global consistency in the providing air traffic services (ATS) while progressing towards a seamless CNS/ATM system. A Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance/ Air Traffic Management (CNS/ATM) master plan is a plan for a needs-driven, economically justified, evolutionary system and modernization. The Plan must: (1) sustain systems necessary to maintain existing level of service; introduce new operational procedures, technologies, and mechanization concepts necessary to meet user and operator needs; and introduce appropriate program management structures for successful accomplishment of the Plan Required Total System Performance (RTSP) concept, Required Communication Performance (RCP) concept, Required Navigation Performance (RNP) concept, Required Surveillance Performance (RSP) Concept, Free Flight/Autonomous are new emerging concepts may prove as performance measurement gauge for CNS /ATM in order to avoid any sort of problems in the systems. When air traffic vs. GDP the air transportation industry is therefore, highly susceptible to economic cycles and fluctuations in fuel prices. Globally, the share of raw material moving between regions has declined, while the Share of cross-moments has increased. As we are facing many challenges in order to meet the world trade amounting in which 35% of international trade moves by air as per report in 2008 ,40%of trade over some 3.5 $ trillion in value. Air transport, therefore, drives economic and social progress. In most developing countries, the demand for freight and passenger traffic is growing faster than population and GDP growth rate. CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS: Capacity constraints include not only limited physical infrastructure like Runways and terminals but also administrative limitations like night curfews, noise emission budgets or noise release limits, which all restrict the overall level of air travel demand an airport is potentially able to serve. However, airport choice varies considerably when travelers are faced with capacity constraints, and thus depends on the gap between demand potential of an airport and the demand at capacity level. Thus it would seem appropriate to incorporate the impact of capacity constraints in a systematic and coherent way when planning studies on future airport choice. Due to impact of the capacity constraints on airport choice the expansion by Redistribution of demand among neighboring airports restricted growth of local demand Airport capacity expansion takes place. Whether airport capacity is expandable or not within a comparatively Short time horizon depends on several factors, including geographical, Political, ecological and economical variables. These factors differ from Airport to airport. There will be a need for the state to strike the right balance between intended commitments and airport infrastructure. As air services agreements with multiple description and gradual removal of capacity restriction have enabled increases in number of air carries and air services, thereby putting supplementary pressure on existing airport capacity and it would continue to challenge the air ports. AIRPORT-AIRSPACE CONGESTION Congestion at airports effect air traffic in airports and strand passengers. The growing of congestion at international airport is a serious issue whose resolution is primarily a question of determination and is not a technical problem and the current situation is choking growth rates in the industry. As our inflexible India has been facing many issues in this congestion immediate action is required. Due to Increased airspace congestion, airport delays and noise are concerns. It has been suggested that a runaway should be built to ease congestion as well as to fend off competition in the airports and manage the runways in a proper way. The premise that some amount of congestion and delay is not inconsistent with efficient and within your means air transportation. Due to this airport congestion and fuel compel reasons, both Boeing and airbus aircraft manufactures companies are introducing new large aircrafts. SAFETY Safety has always been an integral part of an air carriers mission. One of the most significant issues facing airports in the early twenty-first century is that of airport security. Most users of commercial service airports are subjected to security infrastructure, policies, and procedures within the airport terminal area. By introducing some programs like BASIS program which is an excellent model of risk-management feedback. It was designed and developed by safety professionals to provide support in capturing, investigating, and analyzing safety data from incidents and accident. Global Safety Data Management, through its valuable sources of safety information (e.g. IOSA), IATA can: Break down silos in safety data Management and analysis and obtain a complete picture, determine prioritize safety concerns for the industry. And Develop solutions to address issues. At most commercial service airports, controlled access through doors that provide access to the AOA, secure areas, sterile areas, and other areas within the SIDA, as well as many employee-only restricted areas, is enforced by the use of control systems. These systems range from simple key locks to smart-access technologies, such as keypad entry systems requiring proper pass code. Sophisticated recognition verification technologies, including those that employ biometrics, are continuously being developed to enhance access control at airports. Various lighting systems , safeguards, fencing 10 to 20 feet inside the property line and barriers to preclude unauthorized access into the area, which may include Aircraft with unusual or unauthorized modifications can help in prospect. Further development of advanced biometric and information technologies, are expected to provide a contribution to enriching airport security, with the goal of proactively mitigating any future threats to the aviation system while preserving the efficiency of the system itself. Protecting against unknown future threats is an imperfect science, and as such, the future of airport security will always be an unknown entity. Concerns for the safe, secure, and efficient travel of passengers and cargo domestically and internationally will always be a top priority for the civil aviation system, and it can be assured that efforts to make the system as secure as possible will continue to be held in top priority, by all levels of government. NEW LARGE AIRCRAFT (NLA) Numerous key design and operational characteristics of proposed NLA which should need to be taken into contemplation before such aircraft are introduced into the current airport environment. It is anticipated that the development of NLA will continue in the future, bringing newer, larger transport aircraft. We face impact on airport design i.e. on air side and land side which may fall in to many issues in the airport. In an air side it might involve current landside design concepts. With their larger passenger capacity, NLA will affect numerous landside issues such as baggage handling, ticket counters, passenger lounges and cueing areas, parking, terminal design, airport capacity, gate compatibility, and various other items. Airports and their surrounding communities are expressing concerns about how the operations of NLA are going to affect the environment. Aircraft manufacturers are well aware of these concerns and are designing NLA to be compatible with todays noise and emission restrictions. Involving a NLA include the effects of jet blast, turning radius, and bypass taxiing capabilities and NLA should not obstruct other passing aircraft or cause delays in traffic flow. Specific elements of airport planning and design that may be affected by these changes in aircraft characteristics have been identified to assist airport planners and the FAA in preparing for the NLAs arrival which includes signs and marketings in the prospect. CONCLUSION: The problems are many and severe, but challenging. These studies have also investigated how such taxes or trading schemes may impact the structure of the networks and perhaps the industry itself. The future is unlikely to see greater stability in airline pricing structures. Other new forces will be technology, such as improved engine fuel economy, bio-fuels, improved air traffic control, country specific taxes, industry consolidation, and the influence all of these would have on fares and service as well as network reach and design. As these problem areas demonstrate, airline economics is closely interrelated not only with other parts of the economic system but also very much with the social, technological, and political arenas. All in all, the future will be an exciting and challenging one. It must continue to retain the courage of its convictions and pursue liberalization of international aviation market. Working in the airline industry will be stressful dealing with an accelerating pace of change always is but it will provide tremendous opportunities for those privileged to make their living from this still dynamic and fascinating industry.

Thursday, September 19, 2019

Analysis of major characters in 1984 Essay -- essays research papers

Analysis of Major Characters John - Although Bernard Marx <javascript:CharacterWindow('http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/bravenew/terms/char_2.html', '0b1405ef1f', 500);> is the primary character in Brave New World up until his visit with Lenina <javascript:CharacterWindow('http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/bravenew/terms/char_4.html', '55db940fc2', 500);> to the Reservation, after that point he fades into the background and John becomes the central protagonist. John first enters the story as he expresses an interest in participating in the Indian religious ritual from which Bernard and Lenina recoil. John's desire first marks him as an outsider among the Indians, since he is not allowed to participate in their ritual. It also demonstrates the huge cultural divide between him and World State society, since Bernard and Lenina see the tribal ritual as disgusting. John becomes the central character of the novel because, rejected both by the "savage" Indian culture and the "civilized" World S tate culture, he is the ultimate outsider. As an outsider, John takes his values from a more than 900-year-old author, William Shakespeare. John's extensive knowledge of Shakespeare's works serves him in several important ways: it enables him to verbalize his own complex emotions and reactions, it provides him with a framework from which to criticize World State values, and it provides him with language that allows him to hold his own against the formidable rhetorical skill of Mustapha Mond during their confrontation. On the other hand, John's insistence on viewing the world through Shakespearean eyes sometimes blinds him to the reality of other characters, notably Lenina, who, in his mind, is alternately a heroine and a "strumpet," neither of which label is quite appropriate to her.) Shakespeare embodies all of the human and humanitarian values that have been abandoned in the World State. John's rejection of the shallow happiness of the World State, his inability to reconcile his love and lust for Lenina, and even his eventual suicide all reflect themes from Shakespeare. He is himself a Shakespearean character in a world where any poetry that does not sell a product is prohibited. John's naà ¯ve optimism about the World State, expressed in the words from The Tempest that constitute the novel's title, is crushed when he comes into direct co... ...ention of mothers, fathers, and marriage-concepts that are vulgar and ridiculous in the World State. The conversations between Helmholtz illustrate that even the most reflective and intelligent World State member is defined by the culture in which he has been raised. Mustapha Mond - Mustapha Mond is the most powerful and intelligent proponent of the World State. Early in the novel, it is his voice that explains the history of the World State and the philosophy upon which it is based. Later in the novel it is his debate with John that lays out the fundamental difference in values between World State society and the kind of society represented in Shakespeare's plays. Mustapha Mond is a paradoxical figure. He reads Shakespeare and the Bible and he used to be an independent-minded scientist, but he also censors new ideas and controls a totalitarian state. For Mond, humankind's ultimate goals are stability and happiness, as opposed to emotions, human relations, and individual expression. By combining a firm commitment to the values of the World State with a nuanced understanding of its history and function, Mustapha Mond presents a formidable opponent for John, Bernard and Helmholtz.

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

The Myth of Equality :: Racial Relations, Politics

In his article, â€Å"The Myth of Equality† written in August 2010 in his official blog, Patrick Buchanan, an American conservative political commentator, suggests that equality will never be achievable here in America when it comes to personal skills and abilities (par. 8). He points out the inequality that is evident in the American professional sports where only those who are considered â€Å"good† are thriving (par. 6-7). Buchanan reveals that the standardize test that is given to students proves that there is a disparity in education among racial groups (par. 16). He infers that here in America, because we vary in our capabilities to perform at something, inequalities among racial groups are almost the standard and it is demonstrated in several institutions. One organization where inequality among racial groups is established is in the American professional sports system; where only those who demonstrate excellence in the sport flourish. Buchanan interprets statistics reported by columnist Walter Williams to conclude that black male athletes dominate majority of the popular sports such as the NFL and the NBA (par. 5). Furthermore, Buchanan reveals that no one complains when Hispanics and Asians who make up a good percentage of the population are not visible nor pursued after in this organization (par. 2). The enactment of standardizes testing given to students to measure their academic abilities and supposedly will close achievement gap only prove that the battle to the end achievement gap between racial groups is a failure. Buchanon elucidate statistics of the results from the national test under the â€Å"No Child Left Behind† program to infer that there is a huge gap between white students and black students (par. 19). On the same note, New Yorks state test scores reveals a large imbalance in academics between different racial groups (par. 16) For Buchanon, here in America, the notion of equality among racial group will never be attained. This is because we as an individual, whether it is academic or athletic, are all different in a great deal of way. We respond to situation differently. There is always some sort of competition that is constantly occurring and it is certainly true that only those who exhibit excellence will be superior over the rest of the population. Although Patrick Buchanan’s essay proves the notion that equality among races when it comes to academic is in fact a myth, he failed to illustrate other influences that drive America in to racial inequality.

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

Comparing Stanislavski and Brecht’s Acting Techniques

Comparing Stanislavski and Brecht’s acting techniques Early life Bertolt Brecht was born in Augsburg, Bavaria. On the 10th February 1898 Brecht's home life was comfortably middle class, despite his occasional attempt to claim peasant origins. Thanks to his mother's influence, Brecht knew the Bible, a familiarity that would impact on his writing throughout his life. From her, too, came the â€Å"dangerous image of the self-denying woman† that recurs in his drama. When he was 16, the First World War broke out.Fearing persecution, Brecht left Germany in February 1933, when Hitler later took power. Stanislavski was born in Moscow on the 17th on januray 1863. Stanislavski had a privileged youth, growing up in one of the richest families in Russia, the Alekseyevs. He was born Constantin Sergeyevich Alexeyev – â€Å"Stanislavski† was a stage name that he adopted in 1884 in order to keep his performance activities secret from his parents. As a child, Stanislavski was exposed to the rich cultural life of his family. His interests included the circus, the ballet, and puppetry.Increasingly interested in â€Å"living the part,† Stanislavski experimented with the ability to maintain a characterization in real life, disguising himself as a tramp or drunk and visiting the railway station, or disguising himself as a fortune-telling gypsy. Techniques Brecht remained a lifelong committed Marxist who, in developing the combined theory and practice of his epic theatre-Epic Theatre proposed that a play should not cause the spectator to identify emotionally with the characters or action before him or her, but should instead provoke rational self-reflection and a critical view of the action on the stage.Brecht thought that the experience of emotion left an audience complacent. Instead, he wanted his audiences to adopt a critical perspective in order to recognise social injustice and exploitation and to be moved to go forth from the theatre and effec t change in the world outside. For this purpose, Brecht employed the use of techniques that remind the spectator that the play is a representation of reality and not reality itself. By highlighting the constructed nature of the theatrical event, Brecht hoped to communicate that the audience's reality was equally constructed and, as such, was changeable.The distancing effect is achieved by the way the â€Å"artist never acts as if there were a fourth wall besides the three surrounding him. The audience can no longer have the illusion of being the unseen spectator at an event which is really taking place. † The use of direct audience-address is one way of disrupting stage illusion and generating the distancing effect. In performance, as the performer â€Å"observes himself,† his objective is â€Å"to appear strange and even surprising to the audience. He achieves this by looking strangely at himself and his work.Whether Brecht intended the distancing effect to refer to the audience or to the actor or to both audience and actor is still controversial among teachers and scholars of â€Å"Epic Acting† and Brechtian theatre. By disclosing and making obvious the manipulative contrivances and â€Å"fictive† qualities of the medium, the viewer is alienated from any passive acceptance and enjoyment of the play as mere â€Å"entertainment. † Instead, the viewer is forced into a critical, analytical frame of mind that serves to disabuse him of the notion that what he is watching is necessarily an inviolable, self-contained narrative.This effect of making the familiar strange serves a didactic function insofar as it teaches the viewer not to take the style and content for granted, since the medium itself is highly constructed and contingent upon many cultural and economic conditions Stanislavski's ‘system' is a systematic approach to training actors. Areas of study include concentration, voice, physical skills, emotion memory, obse rvation, and dramatic analysis. Stanislavski's goal was to find a universally applicable approach that could be of service to all actors. Yet he said of his system: â€Å"Create your own method.Don't depend slavishly on mine. Make up something that will work for you! But keep breaking traditions, I beg you. † Many actors routinely identify his system with the American Method, although the latter's exclusively psychological techniques contrast sharply with Stanislavski's multivariant, holistic and psychophysical approach, which explores character and action both from the ‘inside out' and the ‘outside in'. Emotion memory-Stanislavski's ‘system' focused on the development of artistic truth onstage by teaching actors to â€Å"experience the part† during performance.Stanislavski hoped that the ‘system' could be applied to all forms of drama, including melodrama, vaudeville, and opera. He organised a series of theatre studios in which young actors wer e trained in his ‘system. ‘ At the First Studio, actors were instructed to use their own memories in order to express emotion. Stanislavski soon observed that some of the actors using or abusing this technique were given to hysteria. He began to search for more reliable means to access emotion, eventually emphasizing the actor's use of imagination and belief in the given circumstances of the text rather than her/his private and often painful memories.The Method of Physical Actions- In the beginning, Stanislavski proposed that actors study and experience subjective emotions and feelings and manifest them to audiences by physical and vocal means. While in its very earliest stages his ‘system' focused on creating truthful emotions and embodying them, he later worked on the Method of Physical Actions. This was developed at the Opera Dramatic Studio from the early 1930s. Its focus was on physical actions as a means to access truthful emotion, and involved improvisation. The focus remained on reaching the subconscious through the conscious.

Monday, September 16, 2019

Person Centered Theory by Carl Rogers Essay

Person-centered theory is regarded as one of the most popular theories of counseling and therapy since its development in the 1940s. Its originator, Carl Rogers originally labeled it as nondirective. The theory was intended to offer a distinctive option to the behavioral and psychoanalytic theories that subjugated psychology during the period. At a later time, Rogers expanded the concepts of the process and renamed it client-centered to de-emphasize the nondirective nature and emphasize a full understanding of all the client’s dimensions. The person-centered concept evolved as issues relating to equality of participants in the relationship and a focus on the positive health of people became significant issues as opposed to unhealthier client status. Person-centered theory makes possible the expansion of helping situations. Originally developed as an individual process, it has since become a major group theory. This group focus has expanded into concepts popular in education. Rogers’ most recent work emphasized the same concepts as ways of dealing with international conflict resolution in an emphasis on promoting world peace. Person-centered theory places great emphasis on the individual’s ability to move in positive directions. Practitioners of the theory have a belief in the trustworthiness of individuals and in their innate ability to move toward self-actualization and health when the proper conditions are in place. Tied to these beliefs is the confidence that individuals also have the inner resources to move themselves in such positive directions. Finally, a core concept in the theory states that individuals perceive the world in a unique phenomenological way so that no two people’s perceptions of the world are the same. The perception of clients as competent, trustworthy, and forward-moving people who have their own unique view of the world places great confidence in the individual’s ability to control his/her own positive change. This confidence in the client directs the counselor to provide the conditions for that change. Specifically, there are three basic conditions needed to support an individual’s natural inclination for positive growth: a genuine relationship with a relatively congruent individual, acceptance and caring from the counselor, and an accurate understanding on the part of the counselor of the client’s phenomenological world. Clients who are provided with these growth conditions will realize their actualizing tendencies for growth. They will explore their difficulties and natural competencies in this productive environment, which will then lead to a clearer picture of themselves and their potential. As clients’ pictures of themselves become more accurate, they become better able to act in ways that are most in line with their true self (congruence). This in turn will lead to more self-confidence, self-understanding, and better choices. The role of the counselor in person-centered theory is primarily to promote the conditions for change rather than do things to bring about specific changes. Counselors and therapists are expected to maintain a genuine human relationship in which they provide unconditional positive regard to their clients. This demonstrates their faith in clients and support of the process. Much of the work of the person-centered counselor revolves around developing an accurate empathic understanding of a client, conveying that understanding to the person, and working with him/her to expand and clarify the understanding and its impact on the client’s choices and actions. Rogers’ work initiated much research on the helping relationship and client gain. The use of taping and transcriptions to evaluate the necessary conditions of counseling and psychotherapy received emphasis from research on this theory. A great deal of innovative research in the area of clinical growth was also produced in the development of this theory. However, much of this theory has been integrated into the overall body of the theory, and relatively little research is currently being done in the area. Calls are being made for potential expansion of the theory and research into its future development. Person-centered counseling and psychotherapy has given much to the field, and professionals continue to emphasize the need for growth of the theory rather than a stagnant use of the theory’s many positive contributions.

Sunday, September 15, 2019

Bad Drivers Are Everywhere

Traffic accidents are as ordinary as anyone’s bacon and egg in their breakfast meals. They are as common as snow in Alaska and as desert in the Middle East. Highway accidents no more shock nor scare anyone for driving. No, not even the ones who have been victims themselves. In a study made by Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin conducted in 2004 to 2005, the researchers found that there were about 90 percent of the respondents have relatives who have experienced car crash. What seems intriguing here is that fact that 56 percent of the respondents never changed their bad driving habits.Staying behind the wheel is not what is risky about driving: the risk lies on the driver. The risk of traffic accidents is not measured by the driver’s age, expertise and knowledge; neither does it depends on the model of the car being driven but rather on the driver’s driving habits. Anyone who wants to know how common bad drivers are? Let anyone list the habits of a good driver and the bad driver as well and you will see that it is easier to list bad driving habits than the good ones.The Wisconsin Department of Transportation reported an about 800 fatalities due to motor vehicle traffic crashes (C. Sadler). Of this figure, 42 percent were alcohol-related, 33 percent is speed-related and 19 percent was attributed to the influence of both. IN a separate study made by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in 2005, motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for 15-20 year olds. The list of the causes of these accidents is quite long and all of the items are bad driving habits.It ranges from not wearing seatbelts, eating and drinking while driving, answering calls and even texting. The list goes on with tailgating and over speeding to the weird habit of applying make up while driving. So what directly causes the accidents is the driver’s inattention. â€Å"Driver inattention is the most prevalent cause of collisions†, reported the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The same study also revealed the top five bad driving habits that they have done in the last thirty days.Seventy nine percent had the habit of changing the radio station or CD and 61 % did exceed the speed limit as well as driving without both hands in the steering wheel. Fifty one percent honestly admitted answering calls and 45% were eating while driving. Bad driving habits make a bad driver. If traffic accidents statistics are to be the basis, I can say that we really have too many bad drivers on the road. â€Å"People can often assume they are better drivers than they actually are† (M. German). The main point here is that drivers often place a high regard on their driving abilities and skills.They often put too much confidence on their driving that they tend to forget that they are on the road and not simply sitting on their couches at home. So what am I driving at? I mean what am I trying to point out here? Dr iving is not all about skills, abilities and experience; it is about discipline. If every driver just conforms to traffic rules and regulations, there will be lesser road accidents. If every driver just brings a dose of patience on their way, then there should have been lesser vehicle collisions caused by drivers who wanted to own the highways.If parents and elders just teach and show their children the right driving attitude, there should have been much less of the teens that represent 14% of the driving fatalities (AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety). There should not have been about 31,000 of them, aging from 15 to 17 years old who were killed in crashes (AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, 1995 to 2004). Elders should do less of the driving habits like talking on the phone, listening to music, eating and speeding in order to shape the younger generation into disciplined drivers. The law must make sure that the road is close for bad drivers.

Saturday, September 14, 2019

Impact of AIDS/ HIV

These days, the AIDS/ HIV epidemic is one of the most lethal health crises. As yet, there were 22 million people died, 42 million of people are infected by AIDS. Although professionals nowadays have discovered vaccine for AIDS/ HIV, but there still will be over 40 million people would die because of HIV. In many countries especially Africa, AIDS epidemic is spreading seriously bringing illness, death, suffer and poverty. The epidemic has obligated a heavy burden on families, communities and economies. The misery and devastation already caused by HIV/AIDS is enormous, but it is likely that the future impact will be even greater, as the list of significantly affected countries continues to grow. It is difficult to predict with certainty the future course of the epidemic. There are several impacts on HIV epidemic, such as demographic impact, households and families, firms, health systems, education and economic growth. The epidemic has caused destructing demographic impact especially Africa. People have lost their life and significant lost of population. According to United Nation population’s investigation, there will be more people lost their life cause of the epidemic coming decades. Although impacts of the HIV epidemic in countries other than Africa are relatively average and infection rate is lower, but the population losses are still enormous. Professionals expected HIV epidemic might cause 31 million people died from India and even 18 million people died from China by year 2025. Besides, the epidemic also affects households and families. Households and families bear the most burdens, because they play important roles dealing with the disease and its consequences. Households who rely on patients as breadwinner will face financial difficulties due to loss of income and huge amount of medical expenses. As infection of HIV is most common among young adults, thus the family structure also will change rapidly. In several affected countries, the percentage of female headed households or even households headed by young orphan increases. When a family member dies due to HIV, the family may be disintegrated; children might have to be sent to the orphanage or even forced to fend for themselves. Until year 2001, there were 14 million of children who were under 15 years old died due to HIV or have lost their parents because of HIV. 11 million out of 14 million children live in sub-Saharan Africa. In year 2010, expert predicted the figure of children died due to HIV or have lost their parents might increase. Furthermore, HIV epidemic also caused country’s economic difficulties especially weak economic countries which are prevalent with the epidemic. Studies have been attempted to model the impact of the epidemic on epidemic growth in several highly affected countries. Estimates of the impact of AIDS on economic performance re usually not considered as â€Å"social capital† loss or damage to long-term accumulation of human capital, because HIV have affected education, nutrition and health in a direct and indirect way. Well beyond the time frame of most economic analyses, the effects of lowered investment in the human capital of the younger generation will affect economic performance for decades to come.

Friday, September 13, 2019

Blue Nile Case Essay Example for Free

Blue Nile Case Essay Blue Nile has grown into one of the largest jewelry retailers in the United States with only using the Internet as its distribution channel. The success is a direct result of a well-crafted business strategy that attracts high price customers and provides them with in-depth education about diamonds and jewelry. Gamble, Peteraf, Strickland III, and Thompson (2012), indicated that the company’s strategy provides customers with high quality diamonds, exceptional customer service and low prices (p. c-128). They pride themselves on their selection and outstanding education that they provide to consumers looking for the perfect diamond. In addition they have received various awards and recognition from Forbes and Bizrate.com (Thompson, Peteraf, Gamble, & Strickland, 2012, p. C-127). Blue Nile has found a niche in which to differentiate itself by creating an online marketplace for jewelry shopping and with low operating costs which makes them extremely competitive. In viewing Blue Niles website, one can see that they have a vast amount of for potential buyers, that which determine a diamond’s value- carat, clarity, color, cut, and cut grade. The company has a user friendly site that present a lot of diamonds styles to choose from with the 5C’s of diamond selection which are cut shape, cut, color, clarity and carat weight. Their price is much lower than others. Blue Niles also prides themselves on their selection and outstanding education that they provide to consumers looking for the perfect diamond (Thompson, Peteraf, Gamble, & Strickland, 2012, p. C-127). Blue Nile competes in a small area with a specialty offering. Brand awareness remains a constant source of weakness for the company. Blue Nile, Inc. needs to increase their advertising campaign to attract new and retain old customers. Blue Nile needs to create a strong brand awareness that will allow can compete with Tiffany and Co. Blue Nile, Inc. recently opened warehouses in Canada and Britain, but has limited globalization to sales of 40 nations. Blue Nile will need global growth into the European market could prove to be a financial success. Through the operating capital calculations it indicates that Blue Niles strategy is needs some adjustments in the current market space. From 2005 to 2009 the cash that has been available for the firm’s day-to-day operations has dropped dramatically. There was an estimated $58.8 billion in sales in the United States alone in 2009 (Thompson, 2012, p. C-127). With Blue Nile taking $302 million in sales in 2009, they had a great year but in reality only maintain a less than 1% of the market industry hold. This suggests that there is room for growth in this are. With steady profits for the past two years, 2011 has been the best year even though the 4th quarter resulted in small loss. The company profits are 2011 – $348 million, 2010 – $332.9 million, 2009 – $302.1 million, and in 2008 – $295.3 million be (Blue Nile, 2012, Investor Relations). Blue Nile, Inc. 2011 Annual Report (2012). Blue Nile, Inc. (online). r posting and I enjoyed reading it also. In reviewing the financials and the Internet site, it is apparent that Blue Nile spends a lot of money in the area that has no direct impact on generating profit. Blue Nile is now pursuing a new market consisting of non-engagement jewelry by offering an expanded range of products across several price points. This market should offer a great amount of growth opportunities for now and the future. All in all the brand and name recognition is the key aspect that the must pay attention to. Your post was very insightful. A main issue for Blue Nile is the lack of exposure through the their advertising. Blue Nile offers the best prices while still being able to create a profit. The low operations cost of the business enables them to offer low prices and still make a profit. On the other hand the lack of store front exposure creates a problem for gaining additional clients. By adding new products they can create there reach and drive more revenue. Blue Nile Case. (2016, Dec 31).

Report Lab Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Lab Report Example in feeding as it has different mouth parts and mainly feeds on nutrients whereas the adult is specialized in the process of reproduction and dispersal. The type of food consumed between the larva and the adult is entirely different, and this, therefore, enhances their survival. The adult has the secondary characteristics of flying, walking and crawling and therefore even the type of diet it consumes is entirely different from the larva (Kay 3). The organism had both the crypsis and aposematism coloration as a defense mechanism. In crypsis, as exemplified by Kay, 1969, the camouflaging is as a result of the background as was evidenced in the experiment. The phenotypic aspect of the organism in terms of behavioral change in the environment must come into play before coloration occurs. The aposematism effect referred to as warning coloration was observed when there was a striking contrast in terms of background color. The organism died after a period of two weeks as a result of exposure to direct heat from the sun. This in turn led to the destruction of the newly formed chitin that could have provided the protection of the internal organs. The presence of chitin is vital in the life of the organism as this feature offers protection and helps in reproduction through molting process (Kay 5). The death of the organism may result due to different reasons. For instance, improper feeding or harsh environmental conditions minimizes their chances of

Thursday, September 12, 2019

Do mergers create value for the offeror and offeree Essay

Do mergers create value for the offeror and offeree - Essay Example For example, most of the big organizations are currently looking to expand their business to overseas countries in order to exploit the opportunities opened up by the globalization. Merger & Acquisition is one way of business expansion adopted by big companies. Gaughan (2007) defined merger as the combination of two corporations in which only one corporation survives while the merged corporation goes out of existence after the merger process (Gaughan, 2007, p.12). Theoretically mergers and acquisitions should be value creating for the shareholders of both the offeror and offeree companies. But in practice, it is not 100% true. This paper critically evaluates the pros and cons of merger and acquisition to the shareholders of both the offeror and offeree companies Increased market share, lower cost of production, higher competitiveness, acquired research and development know how and patents, Financial leverage, Improved profitability etc are some of the advantages or values for the offeror and the offeree through M & A (Helium, 2010). The offeror and the offeree can increase their customer base through merger and acquisition. For example, consider the recent merger deal between two telecommunication giants, India’s Bharti Airtel and South Africa’s MTN. As per this deal, MTN and its shareholders would acquire around 36 per cent economic interest in Bharti Airtel, while Bharti Airtel would acquire 49 per cent stake in South African telecom giant MTN (Indias 11 largest M&A deals, 2009). The above deal helped both the companies to exploit the opportunities in India and South Africa more judiciously for the mutual benefits. Bharti Airtel will get the assistance from MTN for their operations in South Africa whereas the MTN would get a ssistance from Bharti Airtel for their operations in India. The understanding of business climate and formalities in these countries can be exchanged for the

Wednesday, September 11, 2019

Karyotyping (cellular chemistry) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Karyotyping (cellular chemistry) - Assignment Example DNA strands are systematically wound around several times over to permit storage without sacrificing the efficiency of regulated translation of the coded information into proteins, which are essential molecular components of biological processes (Gilbert 9). Defect in the highly-organized structure chromosomes will thus inhibit either the regulation of gene translation, or the translation process itself. Karyotyping is the examination of chromosomes of a particular sample of cells to detect differences in the chromosomes’ number and structure. Cells may be obtained from amniotic fluid, blood, bone marrow, or placenta. As mentioned earlier, such aberrations manifests physically and functionally. For example, chromosomal aberration may affect fetal development, especially when the site of defect involves genes necessary for molding a child from a unicellular zygote. In such cases, either a couple cannot produce an offspring and continuously suffer miscarriages, or physical abnormalities and functional defects are evident after their baby is born. The abnormalities may manifest as soon as the baby has been delivered, or may take some time to be observed. In addition, chromosomal aberrations can also predispose someone to develop certain diseases, such as cancer (Chambers 2009). When karyotyping was performed on a 28 year old male complaining of infertility, it was determined that he has an extra X chromosome, a condition known as Kleinfelter’s syndrome. This extra copy of X chromosome, specifically the genes that come with it, interferes with the proper function of testes in its production of viable sperm cells and testosterone. Each can exclusively cause the infertility experienced by the patient. Moreover, he might also have had small testes, large breasts, and reduced facial and body hair. The patient is also predisposed to developing breast cancer and systemic

Tuesday, September 10, 2019

Child abuse policies and services Research Paper

Child abuse policies and services - Research Paper Example The rest of this paper will focus on a basic description of child abuse, and specifically take a look at the law that governs it. While the legislation of this issue has improved over the years, further improvements are necessary as some children, such as minority groups and disabled children are still falling through the cracks. Child abuse is generally thought to be either one of or a combination of four different types: physical abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect or general maltreatment (Cicchetti & Barnett, 1991 from Skowron & Reinemann, 2005). It was reported that in 2000, there were 879 000 victims of child abuse the USA alone (Skowron & Reinemann, 2005). In 2005, this number had risen to 900 000. Shockingly, 40% of victims received no follow up care in 2005 (APA Public Interest Government Relations Office, n.d.). In addition, in 2004, the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention reported that child abuse is the primary cause of death in children between the ages of 1 and 4 years (Skowron & Reinemann, 2005). In fact, approximately 1,530 children die of abuse or neglect each year (Keita, 2008). There are usually several common factors in child abuse and these include that the child is well-known to the abuser, most abusers tend to be men and in about 50% of cases of abuse, the family is receiving assistance from the government. In addition, many cases involve abusers who commonly abuse substances and some common characteristics of abusive parents usually include them being extremely stressed, have little knowledge of child development and few parenting skills (APA Public Interest Government Relations Office, n.d.). The long term effects of child abuse are many and some of the conditions that manifest later in life vary. These may include, but are not limited to, depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, somatic complaints, suicidal tendencies, all of which are internalizing disorders.

Monday, September 9, 2019

Policing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Policing - Essay Example According to the law, government officials must have a warrant before trespassing on private real estate, while other private real estate is open to illegal and unauthorized invasion without either a warrant or probable cause (Hubbart, 2005). Lawyers admit that drawing the line between these two types of private real estate has been a major task for the Court. The Forth Amendment states: The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized (Hubbart 2005, p. 34). Searching a vehicle without a warrant is permissible if police has a reasonable cause such as drug trafficking or an offence is being committed. In cases where it is "impossible" to obtain a warrant, he continued, the officer may act, but only if probable cause exists. The expansive language requiring a warrant whenever "practicable" and only allowing a search or seizure without a warrant if it is "impossible" to get a warrant forced Courts to search high and low for rules that would live up to that language without making law enforcement all but impossible in the modern world. While the police might have had probable cause to seize the car and its occupants, they should have obtained a search warrant before going further and searching the automobile because the Fourth Amendment protects privacy as well as property. For this reason, the convictions for conspiracy to rob a bank were overturned (Hubbart, 2005). In contrast to automobiles, police should obtain a warrant in order to search a residence. Is assumed that individuals do not have a legitimate expectation of privacy in an open field, he argued, even in an open field surrounded by trees, a fence, and a locked gate. While the Fourth Amendment protects property, this is not the kind of property worthy of protection. That means in most cases the government must have a warrant before invading the sanctity of a home. The house is a private building on private property, not open to the general public and therefore part of the private sphere government may not invade without a warrant. The Fourth Amendment, critics argued, is not tied to the dictates of the ancient English common law (Hubbart, 2005). The amendment was instead intended to serve as the basis for the development of new U.S. law that would be separate and distinct from the ancient English rules. While the majority of justices assumed that most people would consent to having th e inspector in their home or business, those people who did not had a right to be protected from arbitrary actions by government officials. Therefore, they would be allowed to obtain a warrant to search in such an area for violations if they satisfied the judge that they had good reason to make the inspections and were not